鄂尔多斯盆地南缘中—上三叠统延长组古环境重建与有机质富集机制

宁婷; 柳蓉; 王旭; 何天鑫; 刘强; 宁婷; 柳蓉; 王旭; 何天鑫; 刘强

doi:10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2025.019

[1]

包建平，朱翠山，杨茜，等. 2024. 原油中C_19-49长链三环萜烷系列及其地球化学意义：以柴达木盆地西部英西地区原油为例[J]. 沉积学报，42（5）：1765-1783.

Bao Jianping, Zhu Cuishan, Yang Qian, et al. 2024. C19-49 Extended tricyclic terpanes and their geochemical significance in crude oils: A case of crude oils from the Yingxi area in the western Qaidam Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 42(5): 1765-1783.

[2]

傅家谟，盛国英，许家友，等. 1991. 应用生物标志化合物参数判识古沉积环境[J]. 地球化学，20（1）：1-12.

Fu Jiamo, Sheng Guoying, Xu Jiayou, et al. 1991. Application of biomarker compounds in assessment of paleoenvironments of Chinese terrestrial sediments[J]. Geochimica, 20(1): 1-12.

[3]

李红磊，张敏，姜连，等. 2016. 利用芳烃参数研究煤系烃源岩中重排藿烷成因[J]. 沉积学报，34（1）：191-199.

Li Honglei, Zhang Min, Jiang Lian, et al. 2016. Application of aromatics on genesis of rearranged hopanes in coal-bearing source rocks[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 34(1): 191-199.

[4]

李建国，韦一，杨兵，等. 2025. 卡尼期雨幕事件在鄂尔多斯盆地南部地区的响应[J]. 地质学报，99（2）：365-381.

Li Jianguo, Wei Yi, Yang Bing, et al. 2025. Response of Carnian pluvialeventin southern Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 99(2): 365-381.

[5]

李守军. 1999. 正烷烃、姥鲛烷与植烷对沉积环境的指示意义：以山东济阳坳陷下第三系为例[J]. 石油大学学报（自然科学版），23（5）：14-16，23.

Li Shoujun. 1999. Sedimentary environmental significance of normal alkane and the ratio of pristane to phytane[J]. Journal of the University of Petroleum, China, 23(5): 14-16, 23.

[6]

李相博，刘化清，黄军平，等. 2023a. 干湿气候交替与内陆湖盆河流扇砂体的形成与分布：以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组为例[J]. 地质学报，97（3）：822-838.

Li Xiangbo, Liu Huaqing, Huang Junping, et al. 2023a. Alternation of arid-humid climate, and formation and distribution of fluvial fan sand in the central area of inland lake basin: A case study of the Yanchang Formationin Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 97(3): 822-838.

[7]

李相博，朱如凯，惠潇，等. 2023b. 晚三叠世卡尼期梅雨事件（CPE）在陆相盆地中的沉积学响应：以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组为例[J]. 沉积学报，41（2）：511-526.

Li Xiangbo, Zhu Rukai, Hui Xiao, et al. 2023b. Sedimentological response of a lacustrine basin to the Late Triassic Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE): Case study from the Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 41(2): 511-526.

[8]

刘翰林，邹才能，邱振，等. 2022. 鄂尔多斯盆地延长组7段3亚段异常高有机质沉积富集因素[J]. 石油学报，43（11）：1520-1541.

Liu Hanlin, Zou Caineng, Qiu Zhen, et al. 2022. Sedimentary enrichment factors of extraordinarily high organic matter in the sub-member 3 of member 7 of Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 43(11): 1520-1541.

[9]

刘翰林，邹才能，邱振，等. 2023. 陆相黑色页岩沉积环境及有机质富集机制：以鄂尔多斯盆地长7段为例[J]. 沉积学报，41（6）：1810-1829.

Liu Hanlin, Zou Caineng, Qiu Zhen, et al. 2023. Sedimentary depositional environment and organic matter enrichment mechanism of lacustrine black shales: A case study of the Chang 7 member in the Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 41(6): 1810-1829.

[10]

孟庆涛，张训，杨亮，等. 2024. 陆相拗陷湖盆细粒沉积有机质富集机制研究：以松辽盆地长岭凹陷青山口组为例[J]. 古地理学报，26（2）：401-415.

Meng Qingtao, Zhang Xun, Yang Liang, et al. 2024. Mechanism study of organic matter enrichment in fine-grained sediments in continental depression lacustrine basin: An example from the Qingshankou Formation in Changling Sag, Songliao Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 26(2): 401-415.

[11]

邱振，韦恒叶，刘翰林，等. 2021. 异常高有机质沉积富集过程与元素地球化学特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质，42（4）：931-948.

Qiu Zhen, Wei Hengye, Liu Hanlin, et al. 2021. Accumulation of sediments with extraordinary high organic matter content: Insight gained through geochemical characterization of indicative elements[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 42(4): 931-948.

[12]

施辉，李宗星，彭博，等. 2022. 柴东欧南凹陷上石炭统克鲁克组构造背景、物质来源及沉积环境：来自细粒沉积岩元素地球化学的证据[J]. 天然气地球科学，33（10）：1554-1570.

Shi Hui, Li Zong-xing, Peng Bo, et al. 2022. The tectonic setting, material source and paleoenvironment of the Upper Carboniferous Keluke Formation in the Ounan Depression of the eastern Qaidam Basin: Evidence from element geochemistry of fine-grained sedimentary rocks[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 33(10): 1554-1570.

[13]

汤艳杰，贾建业，谢先德. 2002. 粘土矿物的环境意义[J]. 地学前缘，9（2）：337-344.

Tang Yanjie, Jia Jianye, Xie Xiande. 2002. Environment significance of clay minerals[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 9(2): 337-344.

[14]

童金南，楚道亮，梁蕾，等. 2019. 中国三叠纪综合地层和时间框架[J]. 中国科学：地球科学，49（1）：194-226.

Tong Jinnan, Chu Daoliang, Liang Lei, et al. 2019. Triassic integrative stratigraphy and time-scale of China[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 49(1): 194-226.

[15]

王炳凯，冯乔，田方正，等. 2017. 新疆准噶尔盆地南缘二叠系芦草沟组烃源岩生物标志化合物特征及意义[J]. 地质通报，36（2/3）：304-313.

Wang Bingkai, Feng Qiao, Tian Fangzheng, et al. 2017. The characteristics and significance of biomarker compounds in the Permian Lucaogou Formation hydrocarbon source rock on the southern margin of the Junggar Basin[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 36(2/3): 304-313.

[16]

王苏民，张振克. 1999. 中国湖泊沉积与环境演变研究的新进展[J]. 科学通报，44（6）：579-587.

Wang Sumin, Zhang Zhenke. 1999. New progress of lake sediments and environmental changes research in China[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 44(6): 579-587.

[17]

吴小奇，周小进，陈迎宾，等. 2022. 四川盆地川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组烃源岩分子地球化学特征[J]. 石油实验地质，44（5）：854-865.

Wu Xiaoqi, Zhou Xiaojin, Chen Yingbin, et al. 2022. Molecular characteristics of source rocks in Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation, western Sichuan Depression, Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 44(5): 854-865.

[18]

谢小敏，李利，袁秋云，等. 2021. 应用TIMA分析技术研究Alum页岩有机质和黄铁矿粒度分布及沉积环境特征[J]. 岩矿测试，40（1）：50-60.

Xie Xiaomin, Li Li, Yuan Qiuyun, et al. 2021. Grain size distribution of organic matter and pyrite in Alum shales characterized by TIMA and its paleo-environmental significance[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 40(1): 50-60.

[19]

徐明慧，王峰，田景春，等. 2025. 湖相富有机质泥页岩岩相划分及沉积环境：以鄂尔多斯盆地长7₃亚段为例[J]. 沉积学报，43（4）：1489-1506.

Xu Minghui, Wang Feng, Tian Jingchun, et al. 2025. Classification of lacustrine organic-rich mud shale petrography and the depositional environment: An example from the Chang 7₃ sub-member in the Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 43(4): 1489-1506.

[20]

曾建理，张廷山，杨巍，等. 2022. 卡尼期湿润幕：气候—环境变化与海洋生态效应研究新进展[J]. 地质学报，96（3）：729-743.

Zeng Jianli, Zhang Tingshan, Yang Wei, et al. 2022. Carnian Pluvial Episode: Advances in climate-environment change and marine ecological effects[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 96(3): 729-743.

[21]

张参，阳宏，王飞龙，等. 2020. 渤中凹陷南洼东营组烃源岩有机地球化学特征[J]. 海洋地质前沿，36（11）：35-44.

Zhang Can, Yang Hong, Wang Feilong, et al. 2020. Organic geochemistry of the source rocks in the Dongying Formation of the south Bozhong subsag[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 36(11): 35-44.

[22]

张辉，彭平安，张文正，等. 2014. 鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7段凝灰岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成特征及其地质意义[J]. 岩石学报，30（2）：565-575.

Zhang Hui, Peng Ping’an, Zhang Wenzheng, et al. 2014. Zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotope characterization and their geological significance of Chang 7 tuff of Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 30(2): 565-575.

[23]

张慧芳，吴欣松，王斌，等. 2016. 陆相湖盆沉积有机质富集机理研究进展[J]. 沉积学报，34（3）：463-477.

Zhang Huifang, Wu Xinsong, Wang Bin, et al. 2016. Research progress of the enrichment mechanism of sedimentary organics in lacustrine basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 34(3): 463-477.

[24]

张妍，吴欣松，康积伦，等. 2024. 准东吉南凹陷二叠系芦草沟组烃源岩有机质富集机制[J]. 天然气地球科学，35（9）：1574-1589.

Zhang Yan, Wu Xinsong, Kang Jilun, et al. 2024. Mechanism of organic matter enrichment in the Permian Lucaogou Formation, Jinan Sag, eastern Junggar Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 35(9): 1574-1589.

[25]

郑瑞辉. 2023. 鄂尔多斯盆地长7油层组页岩油形成条件与富集模式[D]. 北京：中国石油大学（北京）.

Zheng Ruihui. 2023. Formation conditions and enrichment models of shale oil in the Chang-7 oil layer of Ordos Basin[D]. Beijing: China University of Petroleum (Beijing).

[26]

周锡强，陈代钊，刘牧，等. 2017. 中国沉积学发展战略：沉积地球化学研究现状与展望[J]. 沉积学报，35（6）：1293-1316.

Zhou Xi-qiang, Chen Daizhao, Liu Mu, et al. 2017. The future of sedimentology in China: A review and perspective of sedimentary geo-chemistry[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 35(6): 1293-1316.

[27]

Algeo T J, Maynard J B. 2004. Trace-element behavior and redox facies in core shales of Upper Pennsylvanian Kansas-type cyclothems[J]. Chemical Geology, 206(3/4): 289-318.

[28]

Ando A, Kakegawa T, Takashima R, et al. 2003. Stratigraphic carbon isotope fluctuations of detrital woody materials during the Aptian stage in Hokkaido, Japan: Comprehensive δ ¹³C data from four sections of the Ashibetsu area[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 21(8): 835-847.

[29]

Baranyi V, Miller C S, Ruffell A, et al. 2019. A continental record of the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) from the Mercia Mudstone Group (UK): Palynology and climatic implications[J]. Journal of the Geological Society, 176(1): 149-166.

[30]

Bray E E, Evans E D. 1961. Distribution of n-paraffins as a clue to recognition of source beds[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 22(1): 2-15.

[31]

Cao J J, Gang W Z, Yang S R. 2023. Pyritization and preservation model of chrysophyte cyst fossils in shales during the Triassic Carnian Pluvial Episode, Ordos Basin, China: Evidence from cyclostratigraphy, radiometric dating and geochemical analyses[J]. Minerals, 13(8): 991.

[32]

Celia, Martín-Puertas, Blas, et al. 2011. Geochemical processes in a Mediterranean Lake: A high-resolution study of the last 4,000 years in Zoñar Lake, southern Spain[J]. Journal of Paleolimnology, 46(3): 405-421.

[33]

Dal Corso J, Gianolla P, Newton R J, et al. 2015. Carbon isotope records reveal synchronicity between carbon cycle perturbation and the "Carnian Pluvial Event" in the Tethys realm (Late Triassic)[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 127: 79-90.

[34]

Dal Corso J, Gianolla P, Rigo M, et al. 2018. Multiple negative carbon-isotope excursions during the Carnian Pluvial Episode (Late Triassic)[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 185: 732-750.

[35]

Dal Corso J, Mills B J W, Chu D L, et al. 2022. Background Earth system state amplified Carnian (Late Triassic) environmental changes[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 578: 117321.

[36]

Didyk B M, Simoneit B R T, Brassell S C, et al. 1978. Organic geochemical indicators of palaeoenvironmental conditions of sedimentation[J]. Nature, 272: 216-222.

[37]

Fu J H, Li S X, Xu L M, et al. 2018. Paleo-sedimentary environmental restoration and its significance of Chang 7 member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 45(6): 998-1008.

[38]

Gelpi E, Schneider H, Mann J, et al. 1970. Hydrocarbons of geochemical significance in microscopic algae[J]. Phytochemistry, 9(3): 603-612.

[39]

Henrichs S M, Reeburgh W S. 1987. Anaerobic mineralization of marine sediment organic matter: Rates and the role of anaerobic processes in the oceanic carbon economy[J]. Geomicrobiology Journal, 5(3/4): 191-237.

[40]

Hornung T, Brandner R. 2005. Biochronostratigraphy of the Reingraben Turnover (Hallstatt Facies Belt): Local black shale events controlled by regional tectonics, climatic change and plate tectonics[J]. Facies, 51(1/2/3/4): 460-479.

[41]

Hornung T, Krystyn L, Brandner R. 2007. A Tethys-wide mid-Carnian (Upper Triassic) carbonate productivity crisis: Evidence for the Alpine Reingraben Event from Spiti (Indian Himalaya)?[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 30(2): 285-302.

[42]

Hou L H, Pang Z L, Luo X, et al. 2023. Sedimentary features of the gravity flow influenced shale deposit: A case study of Chang 7 member in the Ordos Basin, China[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geo-logy, 153: 106277.

[43]

Jiang L, George S C. 2018. Biomarker signatures of Upper Cretaceous Latrobe Group hydrocarbon source rocks, Gippsland Basin, Australia: Distribution and palaeoenvironment significance of aliphatic hydrocarbons[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology, 196: 29-42.

[44]

Jin X, Gianolla P, Shi Z Q, et al. 2020. Synchronized changes in shallow water carbonate production during the Carnian Pluvial Episode (Late Triassic) throughout Tethys[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 184: 103035.

[45]

Kolaczkowska E, Slougui N E, Watt D S, et al. 1990. Thermodynamic stability of various alkylated, dealkylated and rearranged 17α- and 17β-hopane isomers using molecular mechanics calculations[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 16(4/5/6): 1033-1038.

[46]

Kozur H W, Bachmann G H. 2010. The Middle Carnian Wet Intermezzo of the Stuttgart Formation (Schilfsandstein), Germanic Basin[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 290(1/2/3/4): 107-119.

[47]

Li L Q, Wang Y D, Kürschner W M, et al. 2020. Palaeovegetation and palaeoclimate changes across the Triassic – Jurassic transition in the Sichuan Basin, China[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 556: 109891.

[48]

Li Q, Ruhl M, Wang Y D, et al. 2022. Response of Carnian Pluvial Episode evidenced by organic carbon isotopic excursions from western Hubei, South China[J]. Palaeoworld, 31(2): 324-333.

[49]

Lin M R, Xi K L, Cao Y C, et al. 2024. Palaeoenvironmental changes in the Late Triassic lacustrine facies of the Ordos Basin of Northwest China were driven by multistage volcanic activity: Implications for the understanding the Carnian Pluvial Event[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 637: 112012.

[50]

Liu G F, Liu R, Wang N, et al. 2024. Response to palaeoclimate by Early Cretaceous terrestrial organic-rich shales in the Yin'e Basin: Evidence from sporopollen, n-alkanes and their compound carbon isotopes[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 637: 112031.

[51]

Lu J, Zhang P X, Dal Corso J, et al. 2021. Volcanically driven lacustrine ecosystem changes during the Carnian Pluvial Episode (Late Triassic)[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118(40): e2109895118.

[52]

McLennan S M. 1989. Rare earth elements in sedimentary rocks; influence of provenance and sedimentary processes[J]. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 21(1): 169-200.

[53]

Miller C S, Peterse F, Da Silva A C, et al. 2017. Astronomical age constraints and extinction mechanisms of the Late Triassic Carnian crisis[J]. Scientific Reports, 7(1): 2557.

[54]

Mueller S, Hounslow M W, Kürschner W M. 2016. Integrated stratigraphy and palaeoclimate history of the Carnian Pluvial Event in the Boreal realm; new data from the Upper Triassic Kapp Toscana Group in central Spitsbergen (Norway)[J]. Journal of the Geological Society, 173(1): 186-202.

[55]

Pecorari M, Caggiati M, Dal Corso J, et al. 2023. Weathering and sea level control on siliciclastic deposition during the Carnian Pluvial Episode (southern Alps, Italy)[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeo-climatology, Palaeoecology, 617: 111495.

[56]

Peters K E, Moldowan J M. 1993. The biomarker guide: Interpreting molecular fossils in petroleum and ancient sediments[M]. London: Prentice Hall.

[57]

Peters K E, Walters C C, Moldowan J M. 2005. The biomarker guide, volume 1: Biomarkers and isotopes in the environment and human history. Volume 2: Biomarkers and isotopes in petroleum exploration and earth history[M]. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[58]

Powell T G, McKirdy D M. 1973. Relationship between ratio of pristane to phytane, crude oil composition and geological environment in Australia[J]. Nature Physical Science, 243(124): 37-39.

[59]

Rahman N U, Xian B Z, Fang L H, et al. 2024. Volcanically driven terrestrial environmental perturbations during the Carnian Pluvial Episode in the eastern Tethys[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition, 98(3): 753-770.

[60]

Schlager V W, Schöllnberger W. 1973. Das Prinzip stratigraphischer Wenden in der Schichtfolge der Nördlichen Kalkalpen[J]. Mitteilungen der Geologischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 66/67: 165-193.

[61]

Simms M J, Ruffell A H. 1989. Synchroneity of climatic change and extinctions in the Late Triassic[J]. Geology, 17(3): 265-268.

[62]

Sun Y D, Wignall P B, Joachimski M M, et al. 2016. Climate warming, euxinia and carbon isotope perturbations during the Carnian (Triassic) crisis in South China[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 444: 88-100.

[63]

Sun Y W, Li X, Liu Q Y, et al. 2020. In search of the inland Carnian Pluvial Event: Middle-Upper Triassic transition profile and U-Pb isotopic dating in the Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin, China[J]. Geological Journal, 55(7): 4905-4919.

[64]

Tribovillard N, Algeo T J, Lyons T, et al. 2006. Trace metals as paleoredox and paleoproductivity proxies: An update[J]. Chemical Ge-ology, 232(1/2): 12-32.

[65]

Trotter J A, Williams I S, Nicora A, et al. 2015. Long-term cycles of Triassic climate change: A new δ ¹⁸O record from conodont apatite[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 415: 165-174.

[66]

Xu J J, Liu Z J, Bechtel A, et al. 2015. Basin evolution and oil shale deposition during Upper Cretaceous in the Songliao Basin (NE China): Implications from sequence stratigraphy and geochemistry[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology, 149: 9-23.

[67]

Yang H, Niu X B, Xu L M, et al. 2016. Exploration potential of shale oil in Chang7 member, Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 43(4): 560-569.

[68]

Zhang B, Mao Z G, Zhang Z Y, et al. 2021a. Black shale formation environment and its control on shale oil enrichment in Triassic Chang 7 member, Ordos Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 48(6): 1304-1314.

[69]

Zhang K, Liu R, Bai E, et al. 2023. Biome responses to a hydroclimatic crisis in an Early Cretaceous (Barremian-Aptian) subtropical inland lake ecosystem, Northwest China[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 622: 111596.

[70]

Zhang K, Liu R, Liu Z J, et al. 2021c. Geochemical characteristics and geological significance of humid climate events in the Middle-Late Triassic (Ladinian-Carnian) of the Ordos Basin, central China[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 131: 105179.

[71]

Zhang K, Liu R, Liu Z J. 2021b. Sedimentary sequence evolution and organic matter accumulation characteristics of the Chang 8–Chang 7 members in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation, southwest Ordos Basin, central China[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 196: 107751.

[72]

Zhao H, Grasby S E, Wang X Det al. 2022. Mercury enrichments during the Carnian Pluvial Event (Late Triassic) in South China[J]. GSA Bulletin, 134(9/10): 2709-2720.