[1] Hunt J M. Petroleum geochemistry and geology[M]. San Francisco: Freeman, 1979: 617.
[2] Tissot B P, Welte D H. Geochemical fossils and their significance in petroleum formation[M]//Tissot B P, Welte D H. Petroleum formation and occurrence. Berlin: Springer, 1984: 93-130.
[3] Connan J. Biodegradation of crude oils in reservoirs[M]//Brooks J, Welte D. Advances in petroleum geochemistry. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1984: 299-335.
[4] Volkman J K, Alexander R, Kagi R I, et al. Biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons in crude oils from the Barrow sub-basin of western Australia[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 1984, 6: 619-632.
[5] England W A, Mackenzie A S, Mann D M, et al. The movement and entrapment of petroleum fluids in the subsurface[J]. Journal of the Geological Society, 1987, 144(2): 327-347.
[6] Seifert W K, Moldowan J M. The effect of biodegradation on steranes and terpanes in crude oils[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1979, 43(1): 111-126.
[7] Lafargue E, Barker C. Effect of water washing on crude oil compositions[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1988, 72(3): 263-276.
[8] Peters K E, Walters C C, Moldowan J M. The biomarker guide: Biomarkers and isotopes in petroleum systems and Earth history[M]. 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005: 490.
[9] Demaison G J. Tar sands and supergiant oil fields[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1977, 61(11): 1950-1961.
[10] Volkman J K, Alexander R, Kagi R I, et al. Demethylated hopanes in crude oils and their applications in petroleum geochemistry[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1983, 47(4): 785-794.
[11] Wenger L M, Davis C L, Isaksen G H. Multiple controls on petroleum biodegradation and impact on oil quality[J]. SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering, 2002, 5(5): 375-383.
[12] Larter S, Huang H P, Adams J, et al. A practical biodegradation scale for use in reservoir geochemical studies of biodegraded oils[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2012, 45: 66-76.
[13] Watson J S, Jones D M, Swannell R P J, et al. Formation of carboxylic acids during aerobic biodegradation of crude oil and evidence of microbial oxidation of hopanes[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2002, 33(10): 1153-1169.
[14] 窦启龙,陈践发,薛燕芬,等. 实验室条件下微生物降解原油的地球化学特征研究[J]. 沉积学报,2005,23（3）：542-547.

Dou Qilong, Chen Jianfa, Xue Yanfen, et al. A comparative study of the geochemical characters of crude oil after microbe degradation in laboratory[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2005, 23(3): 542-547.
[15] Genik G J. Petroleum geology of Cretaceous-Tertiary rift basins in Niger, Chad, and Central African Republic[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1993, 77(8): 1405-1434.
[16] 闫林辉,常毓文,田中元,等. 乍得Bongor盆地潜山基岩储集层特征[J]. 地质科技情报,2019,38（6）：60-68.

Yan Linhui, Chang Yuwen, Tian Zhongyuan, et al. Characteristics of basement rock reservoirs in Bongor Basin, Chad[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2019, 38(6): 60-68.
[17] 余朝华,杜业波,肖坤叶,等. 乍得Bongor盆地基岩潜山储层特征与影响因素研究[J]. 岩石学报,2019,35（4）：1279-1290.

Yu Zhaohua, Du Yebo, Xiao Kunye, et al. Characteristics and influence factors of basement buried-hill reservoir in Bongor Basin, Chad[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2019, 35(4): 1279-1290.
[18] Dou L R, Cheng D S, Wang J C, et al. Petroleum systems of the Bongor Basin and the Great Baobab oilfield, southern Chad[J]. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 2020, 43(3): 301-321.
[19] 窦立荣,肖坤叶,胡勇,等. 乍得Bongor盆地石油地质特征及成藏模式[J]. 石油学报,2011,32（3）：379-386.

Dou Lirong, Xiao Kunye, Hu Yong, et al. Petroleum geology and a model of hydrocarbon accumulations in the Bongor Basin, The Republic of Chad[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2011, 32(3): 379-386.
[20] 史玉玲,侯读杰,窦立荣,等. 乍得H区块Bongor盆地原油母质生源特征[J]. 石油地质与工程,2011,25（1）：5-9.

Shi Yuling, Hou Dujie, Dou Lirong, et al. Crude oil geochemical characteristics of Bongor Basin in block H of Chad[J]. Petroleum Geology and Engineering, 2011, 25(1): 5-9.
[21] 文志刚,王登,宋换新,等. Bongor盆地北部斜坡带稠油地球化学特征及成因[J]. 石油天然气学报,2013,35（4）：17-21.

Wen Zhigang, Wang Deng, Song Huanxin, et al. Geochemical characteristics and origin of heavy oil in the northern slope of Bongor Basin[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 2013, 35(4): 17-21.
[22] 文志刚,窦立荣,程顶胜,等. 乍得Bongor盆地南部坳陷油气特征与成因[J]. 天然气地球科学,2021,32（2）：205-214.

Wen Zhigang, Dou Lirong, Cheng Dingsheng, et al. Hydrocarbon characteristics and genesis in the southern depression of Bongor Basin, Chad[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2021, 32(2): 205-214.
[23] 程顶胜,窦立荣,王景春,等. 乍得Bongor盆地天然气地球化学特征及成因[J]. 地学前缘,2018,25（2）：112-120.

Cheng Dingsheng, Dou Lirong, Wang Jingchun, et al. Geochemical characteristics and genesis of natural gas in the Bongor Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2018, 25(2): 112-120.
[24] Chen L, Ji H C, Dou L R, et al. The characteristics of source rock and hydrocarbon charging time of Precambrian granite reservoirs in the Bongor Basin, Chad[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2018, 97: 323-338.
[25] Dou L R, Li W, Cheng D S. Hydrocarbon accumulation period and process in Baobab area of Bongor Basin[J]. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2020, 161: 103673.
[26] 窦立荣,肖坤叶,王景春. 强反转裂谷盆地石油地质与勘探实践[M]. 北京：石油工业出版社,2018.

Dou Lirong, Xiao Kunye, Wang Jingchun, et al. Petroleum geology and exploration practice of strongly-inverted rift basin[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2018.
[27] 程顶胜,窦立荣,肖坤叶,等. 乍得Bongor强反转裂谷盆地高酸值原油成因[J]. 岩石学报,2014,30（3）：789-800.

Cheng Dingsheng, Dou Lirong, Xiao Kunye, et al. Origin of high acidity oils in the intensively inversed rift basin, Bongor Basin[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2014, 30(3): 789-800.
[28] Genik G J. Regional framework, structural and petroleum aspects of rift basins in Niger, Chad and The Central African Republic (C. A. R.)[J]. Tectonophysics, 1992, 213(1/2): 169-185.
[29] 肖坤叶,赵健,余朝华,等. 中非裂谷系Bongor盆地强反转裂谷构造特征及其对油气成藏的影响[J]. 地学前缘,2014,21（3）：172-180.

Xiao Kunye, Zhao Jian, Yu Zhaohua, et al. Structural characteristics of intensively inversed Bongor Basin in CARS and their impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 21(3): 172-180.
[30] 文志刚,李威,窦立荣,等. Bongor盆地Baobab地区潜山油气成藏期次[J]. 石油学报,2018,39（8）：869-875.

Wen Zhigang, Li Wei, Dou Lirong, et al. Buried-hill hydrocarbon accumulation stage of Baobab area in Bongor Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2018, 39(8): 869-875.
[31] 段传丽,陈践发. 生物降解原油的地球化学特征及其意义[J]. 天然气地球科学,2007,18（2）：278-283.

Duan Chuanli, Chen Jianfa. Geochemical characteristics of biodegraded crude oil and their significances[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2007, 18(2): 278-283.
[32] 王海峰,刘俊强,包木太. 原油生物降解过程研究[J]. 油田化学,2011,28（4）：451-453,471.

Wang Haifeng, Liu Junqiang, Bao Mutai. Studies on the biodegradation process of the crude oil[J]. Oilfield Chemistry, 2011, 28(4): 451-453, 471.
[33] Kuo L C. An experimental study of crude oil alteration in reservoir rocks by water washing[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 1994, 21(5): 465-479.
[34] Palmer S E. Effect of biodegradation and water washing on crude oil composition[M]//Engel M H, Macko S A. Organic geochemistry. Boston: Springer, 1993: 511-533.
[35] Bailey N J L, Krouse H R, Evans C R, et al. Alteration of crude oil by waters and bacteria-evidence from geochemical and isotope studies[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1973, 57(7): 1276-1290.
[36] Palmer S E. Effect of water washing on C15+ hydrocarbon fraction of crude oils from Northwest Palawan, Philippines[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1984, 68(2): 137-149.
[37] de Hemptinne J C, Peumery R, Ruffier-Meray V, et al. Compositional changes resulting from the water-washing of a petroleum fluid[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2001, 29(1): 39-51.
[38] 常象春,孙婷婷,王悦,等. 水驱原油组分蚀变的地球化学响应及控制因素[J]. 地球科学与环境学报,2017,39（6）：807-825.

Chang Xiangchun, Sun Tingting, Wang Yue, et al. Geochemical alteration of waterflooded oils and the controlling factors[J]. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment, 2017, 39(6): 807-825.
[39] Peters K E, Moldowan J M. The biomarker guide: Interpreting molecular fossils in petroleum and ancient sediments[M]. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1993.
[40] Bennett B, Fustic M, Farrimond P, et al. 25-Norhopanes: Formation during biodegradation of petroleum in the subsurface[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2006, 37(7): 787-797.
[41] Moldowan J M, McCaffrey M A. A novel microbial hydrocarbon degradation pathway revealed by hopane demethylation in a petroleum reservoir[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1995, 59(9): 1891-1894.
[42] Neto F R A, Trendel J M, Restle A, et al. Occurrence and formation of tricyclic terpanes in sediments and petroleums[M]//Bjorøy M. Advances in organic geochemistry. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 1983: 659-667.
[43] Ekweozor C M, Okogun J I, Ekong D E U, et al. C24-C27 degraded triterpanes in Nigerian petroleum: Novel molecular markers of source/input or organic maturation?[J]. Developments in Economic Geology, 1981, 15: 653-662.
[44] Connan J, Bouroullec J, Dessort D, et al. The microbial input in carbonate-anhydrite facies of a sabkha palaeoenvironment from Guatemala: A molecular approach[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 1986, 10(1/2/3): 29-50.
[45] 包建平,朱翠山,陈希文,等. 珠江口盆地珠一坳陷原油和烃源岩中C24四环萜烷及其成因[J]. 地球化学,2018,47（2）：122-133.

Bao Jianping, Zhu Cuishan, Chen Xiwen, et al. C24 tetracyclic terpanes and their origin in crude oils and source rocks from the Zhu 1 depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. Geochimica, 2018, 47(2): 122-133.
[46] Trendel J M, Restle A, Connan J, et al. Identification of a novel series of tetracyclic terpene hydrocarbons (C24-C27) in sediments and petroleums[J]. Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, 1982(5): 304-306.
[47] 陈腾水,徐忠辉,刘菊,等. 晋县凹陷未熟蒸发岩沉积物中C22-C27甾烯和C24-C30四环萜烷的检出[J]. 地球化学,2009,38（3）：289-298.

Chen Tengshui, Xu Zhonghui, Liu Ju, et al. Occurrence of C22-C27 sterenes and C24-C30 tetracyclic terpanes in an immature evaporitic sediment from the Jinxian Sag, North China[J]. Geochimica, 2009, 38(3): 289-298.
[48] Yang F, Wang T, Li M. The distribution of triaromatic steroids and oil group classfication of Ordovician petroleum systems in the cratonic region of the Tarim Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology, 2015, 33(21/22): 1794-1800.
[49] 张宝收,李美俊,赵青,等. 原油中C26-C28三芳甾烷相对含量计算方法及其应用[J]. 石油实验地质,2016,38（5）：692-697.

Zhang Baoshou, Li Meijun, Zhao Qing, et al. Determining the relative abundance of C26-C28 triaromatic steroids in crude oils and its application in petroleum geochemistry[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2016, 38(5): 692-697.
[50] Wang G L, Wang T G, Simoneit B R T, et al. The distribution of molecular fossils derived from dinoflagellates in Paleogene lacustrine sediments (Bohai Bay Basin, China)[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2008, 39(11): 1512-1521.
[51] Moldowan J M, Dahl J, Jacobson S R, et al. Chemostratigraphic reconstruction of biofacies: Molecular evidence linking cyst-forming dinoflagellates with pre-Triassic ancestors[J]. Geology, 1996, 24(2): 159-162.
[52] 包建平,倪春华,朱翠山,等. 高演化地质样品中三芳甾类标志物及其地球化学意义[J]. 沉积学报,2020,38（4）：898-911.

Bao Jianping, Ni Chunhua, Zhu Cuishan, et al. Triaromatic steroids and their geochemical significance in highly mature geological samples in the North Guizhou Depression[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2020, 38(4): 898-911.
[53] 刘卫民. 生物降解和热蚀变叠加作用对原油组成及生烃行为的影响[D]. 广州：中国科学院大学（中国科学院广州地球化学研究所）,2020.

Liu Weimin. Changes in the compositions and the secondary hydrocarbon generation behavior of crude oils under the influences of superimposed secondary alterations[D]. Guangzhou: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences), 2020.