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内蒙古霍各乞渣尔泰山群5件大理岩样品的δ13CV-PDB值为-2.4‰~4.3‰,平均值为1.6‰;δ18OV-PDB值为-39.0‰~-15.3‰,平均值为-20.9‰;δ18OV-SMOW值为-8.2‰~15.2‰,平均值为9.7‰。由δ13CV-PDB和δ18OV-PDB计算所得的Z值为113~128,平均值为120。宝音图群7件大理岩样品的δ13CV-PDB值为-1.1‰~5.9‰,平均值为3.2‰;δ18OV-PDB值为-18.5‰~-7.8‰,平均值为-14.5‰;δ18OV-SMOW值为12.0‰~22.7‰,平均值为16.1‰。由δ13C和δ18O相关的盐度公式Z=2.048×(δ13CV-PDB+50)+0.498×(δ18OV-PDB+50)[27]计算所得的Z值为117~135,平均值为127(表1)。
表 1 内蒙古霍各乞渣尔泰山群和宝音图群大理岩C、O同位素组成
岩群 样品号 样品名称 δ13CV-PDB/‰ δ18OV-PDB/‰ δ18OV-SMOW/‰ Z值 渣尔泰山群 Z1 灰黑色碳质大理岩 4.3 -15.3 15.2 128 Z2 青灰色大理岩 2.7 -39.0 -8.2 113 Z3 青灰色大理岩 2.1 -17.7 12.9 123 Z4 青灰色大理岩 1.4 -16.2 14.3 122 Z5 青灰色大理岩 -2.4 -16.3 14.3 114 平均 1.6 -20.9 9.7 120 宝音图群 B1 灰白色大理岩 1.6 -17.7 12.9 122 B2 灰白色大理岩 2.0 -15.2 15.4 124 B3 灰白色大理岩 5.9 -7.8 22.7 135 B4 灰白色大理岩 4.2 -15.2 15.3 128 B5 灰白色大理岩 4.0 -18.5 12.0 126 B6 青灰色大理岩 5.7 -11.2 19.3 133 B7 灰色大理岩 -1.1 -15.7 14.8 117 平均 3.2 -14.5 16.1 127 -
最新研究成果显示内蒙古渣尔泰山群的形成时代为中—新元古代(1 800~800 Ma)[3,45],但狼山—渣尔泰山地区不同位置所得的地层年代具有差异性。应迪先[46]报道狼山东升庙渣尔泰山群阿古鲁沟组具有1 520~1 600 Ma的沉积年龄。狼山北侧那仁宝力格、霍各乞、电视台和后布敖包4地变基性岩的成岩年龄分布在1 486~1 606 Ma之间,Sm-Nd等时线年龄为1 491 Ma[47]。彭润民等[10]报道内蒙古东升庙地区渣尔泰山群的变质火山岩具有1 805 Ma成岩年龄,指示其为中元古代的产物。彭润民等[48]报道内蒙古炭窑口渣尔泰山群(狼山群二组)中的变质火山岩具有1 824 Ma的Sm-Nd等时线年龄。彭润民等[45]报道内蒙古狼山西南段变质酸性火山岩具有约800 Ma的成岩年龄,表明其为新元古代的产物,指示中元古代裂陷槽可能在后续造山过程中再次发生裂解。公王斌等[2]研究认为渣尔泰山地区渣尔泰山群的最大沉积时限小于1.8~1.9 Ga,表明沉积于中元古代早期。
根据以上渣尔泰山群不同部位的年代学数据,内蒙古渣尔泰山群的形成年龄为1 800~800 Ma,为中—新元古代的产物,对应于燕辽裂陷槽中的长城系、蓟县系、待建系和青白口系(1.8~0.8 Ga)[36,49-54]。然而,根据同位素年代学数据可知狼山—渣尔泰山裂陷槽的裂解时间是有先后次序的,不可一概而论,狼山地区狼山南侧先发生裂解,狼山北侧后发生裂解[5],因此内蒙古霍各乞地区的渣尔泰山群大理岩C同位素特征可与燕辽裂陷槽中的蓟县系(1 600~1 400 Ma)碳酸盐岩的C同位素值作对比。
内蒙古霍各乞渣尔泰山群大理岩的δ13C值为-2.4‰~4.3‰,具有4.3‰的δ13C正高值,C同位素正漂移特征显著。然而,蓟县系由上至下分别为高于庄组、杨庄组、雾迷山组、洪水组和铁岭组,其δ13C值最大分布范围为-3.80‰~1.61‰,整体在0‰附近波动,并且较为靠近负值,仅在雾迷山组可见1.61‰的δ13C正高值(表2),与霍各乞渣尔泰山群大理岩的δ13C值相比较其正异常程度较弱,说明狼山—渣尔泰山裂陷槽与燕辽裂陷槽虽均为裂谷构造环境,但其具体的沉积环境却具有显著的差异。
表 2 燕辽裂陷槽蓟县系碳酸盐岩C同位素特征
地区 层位 δ13CV-PDB/‰ δ13CV-PDB/‰平均值 数据来源 河北宽城 高于庄组 -1.84~0.07 -0.67 据文献[55] 燕山地区 高于庄组 -2.76~0.07 -0.8 据文献[56] 杨庄组 -1.39~0.09 -0.93 雾迷山组 -2.12~1.56 0.23 洪水庄组 -1.7 -1.7 铁岭组 -1.72~0.98 -0.55 天津 高于庄组 -0.12~0.1 0.34 据文献[57] 杨庄组 -1.36 -1.36 雾迷山组 -0.01~1.08 -0.12 铁岭组 -0.28 -0.28 北京十三陵 杨庄组 -2.33 -2.33 据文献[58] 雾迷山组 -3.73~1.61 -0.12 天津蓟县 铁岭组 -0.5~0.7 -0.4 据文献[59] 北京门头沟区 -3.8~0.9 -0.6 北京十三陵剖面 -2.02~-0.1 -0.7 据文献[60] 天津蓟县剖面 -1.27~-0.22 -0.7 从1.8 Ga到新元古代,华北克拉通一直处于伸展构造体制控制之下,经历了多期裂谷盆地事件[36]。狼山—渣尔泰山群裂陷槽的裂解过程具有不等时性以及次序性,狼山南侧先裂解,且具有由西向东的先后次序,北部后裂解,霍各乞地区在1 486~1 606 Ma之间发生了裂解[5]。Hoffman[61]认为裂解作用会增加大陆边缘的面积,而大陆边缘是生物生存和活动最为繁盛的场所,蕴藏着大量的有机质,因此大陆裂解会使得有机碳的埋藏量增大。古生物学研究显示早在古元古代长城群底层的常州沟组(~1 800 Ma)中就发现了多细胞藻化石[62],另外孙淑芬[63]报道在阴山北麓渣尔泰山群增隆昌组和阿古鲁沟组中发现了大量微古植物化石,共计17个属42个种,由此可见渣尔泰山群沉积时期生物作用繁盛,况且裂谷构造下风化作用强烈,风化所带来的营养物质使得生物的初级生产力大大提升,这为有机质的大量埋藏提供了可能。此外,霍各乞渣尔泰山群富有机质不仅表现在大理岩出现明显的C同位素正漂移,而且地层中富含碳质,除大量出露的碳质板岩、碳质千枚岩以外,片岩类、石英岩类等岩石中均普遍含有碳质。霍各乞渣尔泰山群大理岩C同位素正异常以及普遍发育的富碳质岩石是大陆边缘裂解作用的产物。
Research on the Paleosedimentary Environments of Marble in the Zhaertai and Buyant Groups: A case study of Huogeqi area, Inner Mongolia
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摘要: 内蒙古霍各乞位于华北地台北缘西段,区内出露的渣尔泰山群和宝音图群对于揭示中—新元古代时期华北地台北缘的古沉积环境具有重要的科学意义,且这两个岩群均含有大理岩为其研究提供了可能。在对该地区渣尔泰山群和宝音图群大理岩进行详细的野外地质工作的基础上,进一步选取有代表性的大理岩样品做C、O同位素分析。结果显示,内蒙古霍各乞渣尔泰山群大理岩δ13CV-PDB值为-2.4‰~4.3‰,δ18OV-PDB值为-39.0‰~-15.3‰,δ18OV-SMOW值为-8.2‰~15.2‰,宝音图群大理岩δ13CV-PDB值为-1.1‰~5.9‰,δ18OV-PDB值为-18.5‰~-7.8‰,δ18OV-SMOW值为12.0‰~22.7‰,两者的C同位素均具有显著的正漂移特征,O同位素均发生了强烈的亏损。结合地质、地球化学特征综合分析认为:1)霍各乞渣尔泰山群大理岩原岩的古沉积环境为缺氧的浅海相环境,沉积期接受了丰富的陆源碎屑物质的混染,沉积期后发生了明显的碳酸盐溶解作用,大理岩C同位素正漂移与华北克拉通北缘裂解作用关系密切。2)霍各乞宝音图群大理岩原岩形成于相对闭塞的浅海相环境,沉积期受陆源碎屑物质的混染程度相对较小,沉积期后发生了明显的碳酸盐溶解作用,大理岩C同位素正漂移可能与沉积盆地的闭塞性有一定的关系。3)霍各乞渣尔泰山群和宝音图群大理岩原岩具有类似的古沉积环境。Abstract: Huogeqi, Inner Mongolia, is located in the western region of the northern margin of the North China Platform. The marble content of both the Zhaertai Group and the Buyant Group in this area is significant for revealing the paleosedimentary environment of the northern margin of the North China Platform in the Meso- to Neoproterozoic. Following detailed geological fieldwork, representative samples of marble from both groups were selected for C and O isotopic analysis. Zhaertai Group marble samples contained δ13CV-PDB values between -2.4‰ and 4.3‰; δ18OV-PDB values between -39.0‰ and -15.3‰; and δ18OV-SMOW values between -8.2‰ and 15.2‰. Buyant Group marble samples contained δ13CV-PDB values from -1.1‰ to 5.9‰; δ18OV-PDB values from -18.5‰ to -7.8‰; and δ18OV-SMOW values from 12.0‰ to 22.7‰. The C isotopes in both groups display an apparent positive drift, and their O isotopes are strongly depleted. A comprehensive analysis of geological and geochemical characteristics indicated that: (1) The protolith of Zhaertai Group marble was formed in a shallow anoxic marine environment. It was contaminated by abundant terrigenous clastic materials during the depositional stage, and obvious carbonate dissolution occurred after deposition. The positive drift of the C isotope is closely related to the break-up of the northern margin of the North China Platform. (2) The protolith of Buyant Group marble was formed in a relatively closed shallow marine environment, and underwent somewhat less contamination by terrigenous clastic materials during deposition. After the deposition stage, obvious carbonate dissolution occurred. The positive drift of C isotopes may be related to occlusion of the sedimentary basin. (3) The protoliths of the marble in the Zhaertai Group and Buyant Group experienced similar paleosedimentary environments.注释:1) 脚注:1) 内蒙古地质矿产勘察院. 内蒙古自治区居力格台幅地质矿产图. 2010.2) 脚注:2) 河北省区域地质矿产调查研究所. 内蒙古1∶250 000区巴音查干及乌拉特后旗幅区域地质调查报告. 2012.
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表 1 内蒙古霍各乞渣尔泰山群和宝音图群大理岩C、O同位素组成
岩群 样品号 样品名称 δ13CV-PDB/‰ δ18OV-PDB/‰ δ18OV-SMOW/‰ Z值 渣尔泰山群 Z1 灰黑色碳质大理岩 4.3 -15.3 15.2 128 Z2 青灰色大理岩 2.7 -39.0 -8.2 113 Z3 青灰色大理岩 2.1 -17.7 12.9 123 Z4 青灰色大理岩 1.4 -16.2 14.3 122 Z5 青灰色大理岩 -2.4 -16.3 14.3 114 平均 1.6 -20.9 9.7 120 宝音图群 B1 灰白色大理岩 1.6 -17.7 12.9 122 B2 灰白色大理岩 2.0 -15.2 15.4 124 B3 灰白色大理岩 5.9 -7.8 22.7 135 B4 灰白色大理岩 4.2 -15.2 15.3 128 B5 灰白色大理岩 4.0 -18.5 12.0 126 B6 青灰色大理岩 5.7 -11.2 19.3 133 B7 灰色大理岩 -1.1 -15.7 14.8 117 平均 3.2 -14.5 16.1 127 表 2 燕辽裂陷槽蓟县系碳酸盐岩C同位素特征
地区 层位 δ13CV-PDB/‰ δ13CV-PDB/‰平均值 数据来源 河北宽城 高于庄组 -1.84~0.07 -0.67 据文献[55] 燕山地区 高于庄组 -2.76~0.07 -0.8 据文献[56] 杨庄组 -1.39~0.09 -0.93 雾迷山组 -2.12~1.56 0.23 洪水庄组 -1.7 -1.7 铁岭组 -1.72~0.98 -0.55 天津 高于庄组 -0.12~0.1 0.34 据文献[57] 杨庄组 -1.36 -1.36 雾迷山组 -0.01~1.08 -0.12 铁岭组 -0.28 -0.28 北京十三陵 杨庄组 -2.33 -2.33 据文献[58] 雾迷山组 -3.73~1.61 -0.12 天津蓟县 铁岭组 -0.5~0.7 -0.4 据文献[59] 北京门头沟区 -3.8~0.9 -0.6 北京十三陵剖面 -2.02~-0.1 -0.7 据文献[60] 天津蓟县剖面 -1.27~-0.22 -0.7 -
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