[1] Berner R A. Early diagenesis: A theoretical approach[M]. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1980.
[2] Henrichs S M. Early diagenesis of organic matter in marine sediments progress and perplexity[J]. Marine Chemistry, 1992, 39(1/2/3): 119-149.
[3] 吴雪停,刘丽华,吴能友,等. 海洋沉积物中早期成岩作用地球化学研究进展[J]. 海洋地质前沿,2015,31(12):17-26.

Wu Xueting, Liu Lihua, Wu Nengyou, et al. Geochemistry of early diagenesis in marine sediments: Research progress[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2015, 31(12): 17-26.
[4] Canfield D E, Thamdrup B. Towards a consistent classification scheme for geochemical environments, or, why we wish the term ‘suboxic’ would go away[J]. Geobiology, 2009, 7(4): 385-392.
[5] Froelich P N, Klinkhammer G P, Bender M L, et al. Early oxidation of organic matter in pelagic sediments of the eastern equatorial Atlantic: Suboxic diagenesis[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1979, 43(7): 1075-1090.
[6] Hesse R, Schacht U. Early diagenesis of deep-sea sediments[J]. Developments in Sedimentology, 2011, 63: 557-713.
[7] Aller R C. Sedimentary diagenesis, depositional environments, and benthic fluxes[M]//Holland H D, Turekian K K. Treatise on geochemistry.Oxford: Elsevier,2014: 293-334.
[8] Arndt S, Jørgensen B B, LaRowe D E, et al. Quantifying the degradation of organic matter in marine sediments: A review and synthesis[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2013, 123: 53-86.
[9] Warnken K W, Santschi P H, Roberts K A, et al. The cycling and oxidation pathways of organic carbon in a shallow estuary along the Texas Gulf Coast[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2008, 76(1): 69-84.
[10] 朱茂旭,史晓宁,杨桂朋,等. 海洋沉积物中有机质早期成岩矿化路径及其相对贡献[J]. 地球科学进展,2011,26(4):355-364.

Zhu Maoxu, Shi Xiaoning, Yang Guipeng, et al. Relative contributions of various early diagenetic pathways to mineralization of organic matter in marine sediments: An overview[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2011, 26(4): 355-364.
[11] Hensen C, Zabel M, Schulz H N. Benthic cycling of oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus[M]//Schulz H D, Zabel M.Marine geochemistry. Berlin:Springer, 2006: 207-240.
[12] Middelburg J J, Soetaert K, Herman P M J, et al. Denitrification in marine sediments: A model study[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1996, 10(4): 661-673.
[13] Lovley D R, Holmes D E, Nevin K P. Dissimilatory Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction[J]. Advances in Microbial Physiology, 2004, 49: 219-286.
[14] Canfield D E. Reactive iron in marine sediments[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1989, 53(3): 619-632.
[15] Zopfi J, Böttcher M E, Jørgensen B B, et al. Biogeochemistry of sulfur and iron in Thioploca-colonized surface sediments in the upwelling area off central chile[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2008, 72(3): 827-843.
[16] Canfield D E, Raiswell R, Bottrell S H. The reactivity of sedimentary iron minerals toward sulfide[J]. American Journal of Science, 1992, 292(9): 659-683.
[17] Burdige D J, Nealson K H. Chemical and microbiological studies of sulfide‐mediated manganese reduction[J]. Geomicrobiology Journal, 1986, 4(4): 361-387.
[18] Canfield D E, Thamdrup B, Hansen J W, et al. The anaerobic degradation of organic matter in Danish coastal sediments: Iron reduction, manganese reduction, and sulfate reduction[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1993, 57(16): 3867-3883.
[19] de Schamphelaire L, Rabaey K, Boon N, et al. Minireview: The potential of enhanced manganese redox cycling for sediment oxidation[J]. Geomicrobiology Journal, 2007, 24(7/8): 547-558.
[20] Thamdrup B. Bacterial manganese and iron reduction in aquatic sediments[M]//Schink B. Advances in microbial ecology.Boston:Springer,2000: 41-84.
[21] Thamdrup B, Glud R N, Hansen J W, et al. Manganese oxidation and in situ manganese fluxes from a coastal sediment[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1994, 58(11): 2563-2570.
[22] Aller R C. The sedimentary Mn cycle in Long Island Sound: Its role as intermediate oxidant and the influence of bioturbation, O2, and Corg flux on diagenetic reaction balances[J]. Journal of Marine Research, 1994, 52(2): 259-295.
[23] Canfield D E, Jørgensen B B, Fossing H, et al. Pathways of organic carbon oxidation in three continental margin sediments[J]. Marine Geology, 1993, 113(1/2): 27-40.
[24] Taylor K G, Macquaker J H S. Iron minerals in marine sediments record chemical environments[J]. Elements, 2011, 7(2): 113-118.
[25] Zhao B, Yao P, Bianchi T S, et al. The remineralization of sedimentary organic carbon in different sedimentary regimes of the Yellow and East China Seas[J]. Chemical Geology, 2018, 495: 104-117.
[26] 施春华,颜佳新,韩欣. 早期成岩作用过程中硫酸盐还原反应研究进展[J]. 广西地质,2001,14(1):21-26.

Shi Chunhua, Yan Jiaxin, Han Xin. Development of sulfate reduction during early diagenesis[J]. Geology of Guangxi, 2001,14(1): 21-26.
[27] Canfield D E. Sulfate reduction in deep-sea sediments[J]. American Journal of Science, 1991, 291(2): 177-188.
[28] Borowski W S, Paull C K, Ussler III W, et al. Marine pore-water sulfate profiles indicate in situ methane flux from underlying gas hydrate[J]. Geology, 1996, 24(7): 655-658.
[29] Aharon P, Fu B S. Microbial sulfate reduction rates and sulfur and oxygen isotope fractionations at oil and gas seeps in deep-water gulf of Mexico[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2000, 64(2): 233-246.
[30] Canfield D E. Biogeochemistry of sulfur isotopes[J]. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 2001, 43(1): 607-636.
[31] 刘喜停,李安春,马志鑫,等. 沉积过程对自生黄铁矿硫同位素的约束[J]. 沉积学报,2020,38(1):124-137.

Liu Xiting, Li Anchun, Ma Zhixin, et al. Constraint of sedimentary processes on the sulfur isotope of authigenic pyrite[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2020, 38(1): 124-137.
[32] Jørgensen B B, Beulig F, Egger M, et al. Organoclastic sulfate reduction in the sulfate-methane transition of marine sediments[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2019, 254: 231-245.
[33] Milucka J, Ferdelman T G, Polerecky L, et al. Zero-valent sulphur is a key intermediate in marine methane oxidation[J]. Nature, 2012, 491(7425): 541-546.
[34] Zigah P K, Oswald K, Brand A, et al. Methane oxidation pathways and associated methanotrophic communities in the water column of a tropical lake[J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 2015, 60(2): 553-572.
[35] Haroon M F, Hu S H, Shi Y, et al. Anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled to nitrate reduction in a novel archaeal lineage[J]. Nature, 2013, 500(7464): 567-570.
[36] Ettwig K F, Butler M K, Le Paslier D, et al. Nitrite-driven anaerobic methane oxidation by oxygenic bacteria[J]. Nature, 2010, 464(7288): 543-548.
[37] Rooze J, Egger M, Tsandev I, et al. Iron-dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane in coastal surface sediments: Potential controls and impact[J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 2016, 61(Suppl.1): S267-S282.
[38] Liu J R, Izon G, Wang J S, et al. Vivianite formation in methane-rich deep-sea sediments from the South China Sea[J]. Biogeosciences, 2018, 15(20): 6329-6348.
[39] Egger M, Kraal P, Jilbert T, et al. Anaerobic oxidation of methane alters sediment records of sulfur, iron and phosphorus in the Black Sea[J]. Biogeosciences, 2016, 13(18): 5333-5355.
[40] Jing H M, Wang R N, Jiang Q Y, et al. Anaerobic methane oxidation coupled to denitrification is an important potential methane sink in deep-sea cold seeps[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 748: 142459.
[41] Ettwig K F, Zhu B L, Speth D, et al. Archaea catalyze iron-dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016, 113(45): 12792-12796.
[42] Devol A H, Anderson J J, Kuivila K, et al. A model for coupled sulfate reduction and methane oxidation in the sediments of Saanich Inlet[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1984, 48(5): 993-1004.
[43] Kuivila K M, Murray J W, Devol A H, et al. Methane production, sulfate reduction and competition for substrates in the sediments of Lake Washington[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1989, 53(2): 409-416.
[44] Reeburgh W S. Oceanic methane biogeochemistry[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2007, 107(2): 486-513.
[45] Rust G W. Colloidal primary copper ores at Cornwall mines, southeastern Missouri[J]. The Journal of Geology, 1935, 43(4): 398-426.
[46] Rickard D. Sedimentary pyrite framboid size-frequency distributions: A meta-analysis[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2019, 522: 62-75.
[47] Oenema O. Pyrite accumulation in salt marshes in the eastern Scheldt, southwest Netherlands[J]. Biogeochemistry, 1990, 9(1): 75-98.
[48] Allen K D, Hahn G A. Geology of the sunbeam and grouse creek gold-silver deposits, Yankee Fork mining district, Eocene Challis volcanic field, Idaho; a volcanic dome- and volcaniclastic-hosted epithermal system[J]. Economic Geology, 1994, 89(8): 1964-1982.
[49] Berner R A. Sedimentary pyrite formation[J]. American Journal of Science, 1970, 268(1): 1-23.
[50] Wilkin R T, Barnes H L. Formation processes of framboidal pyrite[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1997, 61(2): 323-339.
[51] Lan Y, Butler E C. Monitoring the transformation of mackinawite to greigite and pyrite on polymer supports[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2014, 50: 1-6.
[52] Sugawara H, Sakakibara M, Belton D, et al. Formation process of pyrite polyframboid based on the heavy-metal analysis by micro-PIXE[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2013, 69(3): 811-819.
[53] Huang H W, Gong S G, Li N, et al. Formation of authigenic low-magnesium calcite from sites SS296 and GC53 of the gulf of Mexico[J]. Minerals, 2019, 9(4): 251.
[54] Tong H P, Feng D, Peckmann J, et al. Environments favoring dolomite formation at cold seeps: A case study from the gulf of Mexico[J]. Chemical Geology, 2019, 518: 9-18.
[55] 冯东,陈多福,漆亮,等. 墨西哥湾Alaminos Canyon冷泉碳酸盐岩地质地球化学特征[J]. 科学通报,2008,53(8):966-974.

Feng Dong, Chen Duofu, Qi Liang, et al. Geological and geochemical characteristics of Alaminos Canyon cold spring carbonates in the gulf of Mexico[J]. Scientific Bulletin, 2008, 53(8): 966-974.
[56] 赵洁,王家生,岑越,等. 南海东北部GMGS2-16站位自生矿物特征及对水合物藏演化的指示意义[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质,2018,38(5):144-155.

Zhao Jie, Wang Jiasheng, Cen Yue, et al. Authigenic minerals at site GMGS2-16 of northeastern South China Sea and its implications for gas hydrate evolution[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2018, 38(5): 144-155.
[57] Han X Q, Suess E, Huang Y Y, et al. Jiulong methane reef: Microbial mediation of seep carbonates in the South China Sea[J]. Marine Geology, 2008, 249(3/4): 243-256.
[58] Magalhães V H, Pinheiro L M, Ivanov M K, et al. Formation processes of methane-derived authigenic carbonates from the gulf of Cadiz[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2012, 243-244: 155-168.
[59] Naehr T H, Eichhubl P, Orphan V J, et al. Authigenic carbonate formation at hydrocarbon seeps in continental margin sediments: A comparative study[J]. Deepsea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2007, 54(11/12/13): 1268-1291.
[60] Baker J C, Kassan J, Hamilton P J, et al. Early diagenetic siderite as an indicator of depositional environment in the Triassic Rewan Group, southern Bowen Basin, eastern Australia[J]. Sedimentology, 1996, 43(1): 77-88.
[61] 陈惠昌,赖勇,卢海龙,等. 南海神狐天然气水合物系统沉积物中自生黄铁矿的特征研究[J]. 海洋学报,2018,40(7):116-133.

Chen Huichang, Lai Yong, Lu Hailong, et al. Study on authigenic pyrite in sediments of gas hydrate geo-system in the Shenhu area, South China Sea[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2018, 40(7): 116-133.
[62] Taylor K G, Curtis C D. Stability and facies association of early diagenetic mineral assemblages; an example from a Jurassic ironstone-mudstone succession, U.K.[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 1995, 65(2A): 358-368.
[63] Mozley P S, Carothers W W. Elemental and isotopic composition of siderite in the Kuparuk Formation, Alaska; effect of microbial activity and water sediment interaction on early pore-water chemistry[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 1992, 62(4): 681-692.
[64] Whiticar M J. Carbon and hydrogen isotope systematics of bacterial formation and oxidation of methane[J]. Chemical Geology, 1999, 161(1/2/3): 291-314.
[65] Feng D, Qiu J W, Hu Y, et al. Cold seep systems in the South China Sea: An overview[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2018, 168: 3-16.
[66] Campbell K A. Hydrocarbon seep and hydrothermal vent paleoenvironments and paleontology: Past developments and future research directions[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2006, 232(2/3/4): 362-407.
[67] Greinert J, Bohrmann G, Suess E, et al. Gas hydrate‐associated carbonates and methane‐venting at hydrate ridge: Classification, distribution, and origin of authigenic lithologies[J]. Geophysical MonographSeries, 2013, 124: 99-113.
[68] Peckmann J, Thiel V. Carbon cycling at ancient methane-seeps[J]. Chemical Geology, 2004, 205(3/4): 443-467.
[69] Mansour A S, Sassen R. Mineralogical and stable isotopic characterization of authigenic carbonate from a hydrocarbon seep site, gulf of Mexico slope: Possible relation to crude oil degradation[J]. Marine Geology, 2011, 281(1/2/3/4): 59-69.
[70] Mozley P S, Wersin P. Isotopic composition of siderite as an indicator of depositional environment[J]. Geology, 1992, 20(9): 817-820.
[71] Mozley P S. Relation between depositional environment and the elemental composition of early diagenetic siderite[J]. Geology, 1989, 17(8): 704-706.
[72] 张凌,陈繁荣,杨永强,等. 珠江口外近海沉积有机质化学及稳定同位素组成的早期成岩改变[J]. 海洋学报,2008,30(5):43-51.

Zhang Ling, Chen Fanrong, Yang Yongqiang, et al. Chemical and isotopic alteration of organic matter during early diagenesis: Evidence from the coastal area offshore the Zhujiang Estuary in China[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2008, 30(5): 43-51.
[73] Lehmann M F, Bernasconi S M, Barbieri A, et al. Preservation of organic matter and alteration of its carbon and nitrogen isotope composition during simulated and in situ early sedimentary diagenesis[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2002, 66(20): 3573-3584.
[74] DeNiro M J, Epstein S. Mechanism of carbon isotope fractionation associated with lipid synthesis[J]. Science, 1977, 197(4300): 261-263.
[75] Macko S A, Estep M L F. Microbial alteration of stable nitrogen and carbon isotopic compositions of organic matter[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 1984, 6: 787-790.
[76] Prahl F G, de Lange G J, Scholten S, et al. A case of post-depositional aerobic degradation of terrestrial organic matter in turbidite deposits from the Madeira Abyssal Plain[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 1997, 27(3/4): 141-152.
[77] Sachs J P, Repeta D J. Oligotrophy and nitrogen fixation during eastern Mediterranean Sapropel events[J]. Science, 1999, 286(5449): 2485-2488.
[78] Freudenthal T, Wagner T, Wenzhofer F, et al. Early diagenesis of organic matter from sediments of the eastern subtropical Atlantic: Evidence from stable nitrogen and carbon isotopes[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2001, 65(11): 1795-1808.
[79] Altabet M A, Pilskaln C, Thunell R, et al. The nitrogen isotope biogeochemistry of sinking particles from the margin of the eastern North Pacific[J]. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 1999, 46(4): 655-679.
[80] Goldhaber M B. Sulfur-rich sediments[J]. Treatise on Geochemistry, 2003, 7: 257-288.
[81] Rickard D, Morse J W. Acid volatile sulfide (AVS)[J]. Marine Chemistry, 2005, 97(3/4): 141-197.
[82] Böttcher M E, Lepland A. Biogeochemistry of sulfur in a sediment core from the west-central Baltic Sea: Evidence from stable isotopes and pyrite textures[J]. Journal of Marine Systems, 2000, 25(3/4): 299-312.
[83] Wilkin R T, Arthur M A. Variations in pyrite texture, sulfur isotope composition, and iron systematics in the Black Sea: Evidence for Late Pleistocene to Holocene excursions of the O2-H2S redox transition[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2001, 65(9): 1399-1416.
[84] Lin Z Y, Sun X M, Peckmann J, et al. How sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane affects the sulfur isotopic composition of pyrite: A SIMS study from the South China Sea[J]. Chemical Geology, 2016, 440: 26-41.
[85] Li N, Feng D, Chen L Y, et al. Using sediment geochemistry to infer temporal variation of methane flux at a cold seep in the South China Sea[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2016, 77: 835-845.
[86] Lin Z Y, Sun X M, Lu Y, et al. Stable isotope patterns of coexisting pyrite and gypsum indicating variable methane flow at a seep site of the Shenhu area, South China Sea[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2016, 123: 213-223.
[87] Hu Y, Chen L Y, Feng D, et al. Geochemical record of methane seepage in authigenic carbonates and surrounding host sediments: A case study from the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2017, 138: 51-61.
[88] Lin Q, Wang J S, Taladay K, et al. Coupled pyrite concentration and sulfur isotopic insight into the paleo sulfate-methane transition zone (SMTZ) in the northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2016, 115: 547-556.
[89] Canfield D E, Thamdrup B. The production of 34S-depleted sulfide during bacterial disproportionation of elemental sulfur[J]. Science, 1994, 266(5193): 1973-1975.
[90] Wortmann U G, Bernasconi S M, Böttcher M E, et al. Hypersulfidic deep biosphere indicates extreme sulfur isotope fractionation during single-step microbial sulfate reduction[J]. Geology, 2001, 29(7): 647-650.
[91] Sim M S, Bosak T, Ono S, et al. Large sulfur isotope fractionation does not require disproportionation[J]. Science, 2011, 333(6038): 74-77.
[92] Canfield D E, Farquhar J, Zerkle A L, et al. High isotope fractionations during sulfate reduction in a low-sulfate euxinic ocean analog[J]. Geology, 2010, 38(5): 415-418.
[93] Deusner C, Holler T, Arnold G L, et al. Sulfur and oxygen isotope fractionation during sulfate reduction coupled to anaerobic oxidation of methane is dependent on methane concentration[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2014, 399: 61-73.
[94] Sivan O, Antler G, Turchyn A V, et al. Iron oxides stimulate sulfate-driven anaerobic methane oxidation in seeps[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014, 111(40): E4139-E4147.
[95] Borowski W S, Rodriguez N M, Paull C K, et al. Are 34S-enriched authigenic sulfide minerals a proxy for elevated methane flux and gas hydrates in the geologic record?[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2013, 43: 381-395.
[96] Fritz P, Basharmal G M, Drimmie R J, et al. Oxygen isotope exchange between sulphate and water during bacterial reduction of sulphate[J]. Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience Section, 1989, 79(2): 99-105.
[97] Brunner B, Bernasconi S M, Kleikemper J, et al. A model for oxygen and sulfur isotope fractionation in sulfate during bacterial sulfate reduction processes[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2005, 69(20): 4773-4785.
[98] Wortmann U G, Chernyavsky B, Bernasconi S M, et al. Oxygen isotope biogeochemistry of pore water sulfate in the deep biosphere: Dominance of isotope exchange reactions with ambient water during microbial sulfate reduction (ODP Site 1130)[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2007, 71(17): 4221-4232.
[99] Wankel S D, Bradley A S, Eldridge D L, et al. Determination and application of the equilibrium oxygen isotope effect between water and sulfite[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2014, 125: 694-711.
[100] Müller I A, Brunner B, Breuer C, et al. The oxygen isotope equilibrium fractionation between sulfite species and water[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2013, 120: 562-581.
[101] van Cappellen P, Ingall E D. Benthic phosphorus regeneration, net primary production, and ocean anoxia: A model of the coupled marine biogeochemical cycles of carbon and phosphorus[J]. Paleoceanography, 1994, 9(5): 677-692.
[102] 刘喜停,颜佳新. 铁元素对海相沉积物早期成岩作用的影响[J]. 地球科学进展,2011,26(5):482-492.

Liu Xiting, Yan Jiaxin. Advances in the role of iron in marine sediments during early diagenesis[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2011, 26(5): 482-492.
[103] Beard B L, Johnson C M, Cox L, et al. Iron isotope biosignatures[J]. Science, 1999, 285(5435): 1889-1892.
[104] Johnson C M, Roden E E, Welch S A, et al. Experimental constraints on Fe isotope fractionation during magnetite and Fe carbonate formation coupled to dissimilatory hydrous ferric oxide reduction[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2005, 69(4): 963-993.
[105] Calvert S E, Pedersen T F. Geochemistry of recent oxic and anoxic marine sediments: Implications for the geological record[J]. Marine Geology, 1993, 113(1/2): 67-88.
[106] Calvert S E, Pedersen T F. Sedimentary geochemistry of manganese; implications for the environment of formation of manganiferous black shales[J]. Economic Geology, 1996, 91(1): 36-47.
[107] Rajendran A, Kumar M D, Bakker J F. Control of manganese and iron in Skagerrak sediments (northeastern North Sea)[J]. Chemical Geology,1992, 98(1/2): 111-129.
[108] Morford J L, Russell A D, Emerson S. Trace metal evidence for changes in the redox environment associated with the transition from terrigenous clay to diatomaceous sediment, Saanich Inlet, BC[J]. Marine Geology, 2001, 174(1/2/3/4): 355-369.
[109] Caplan M L, Bustin R M. Palaeoenvironmental and palaeoceanographic controls on black, laminated mudrock deposition: Example from Devonian-Carboniferous strata, Alberta, Canada[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2001, 145(1/2): 45-72.
[110] Cruse A M, Lyons T W. Trace metal records of regional paleoenvironmental variability in Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) black shales[J]. Chemical Geology, 2004, 206(3/4): 319-345.
[111] Tribovillard N, Algeo T J, Lyons T, et al. Trace metals as paleoredox and paleoproductivity proxies: An update[J]. Chemical Geology, 2006, 232(1/2): 12-32.
[112] 鲍根德. 铁、锰在早期成岩过程中分离及其生物地球化学机制[J]. 中国科学:B辑,1989(1):93-102.

Bao Gende. Separation of iron and manganese in the early diagenetic processes and its mechanism of biogeochemistry[J]. Science in China(Seri.B), 1989(1): 93-102.
[113] Madison A S, Tebo B M, Mucci A, et al. Abundant porewater Mn(III) is a major component of the sedimentary redox system[J]. Science, 2013, 341(6148): 875-878.
[114] Tyson R V, Pearson T H. Modern and ancient continental shelf anoxia: An overview[J]. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1991, 58(1): 1-24.
[115] 颜佳新,张海清. 古氧相:一个新的沉积学研究领域[J]. 地质科技情报,1996,15(3):8-14.

Yan Jiaxin, Zhang Haiqing. Paleo-oxygenation facies: A new research field in sedimentology[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 1996, 15(3): 8-14.
[116] 汤冬杰,史晓颖,赵相宽,等. Mo-U共变作为古沉积环境氧化还原条件分析的重要指标:进展、问题与展望[J]. 现代地质,2015,29(1):1-13.

Tang Dongjie, Shi Xiaoying, Zhao Xiangkuan, et al. Mo-U covariation as an important proxy for sedimentary environment redox conditions-progress,problems and prospects[J]. Geoscience, 2015,29(1): 1-13.
[117] Lyons T W, Severmann S. A critical look at iron paleoredox proxies: New insights from modern euxinic marine basins[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2006, 70(23): 5698-5722.
[118] Poulton S W, Canfield D E. Ferruginous conditions: A dominant feature of the ocean through Earth's history[J]. Elements, 2011, 7(2): 107-112.
[119] Raiswell R, Hardisty D S, Lyons T W, et al. The iron paleoredox proxies: A guide to the pitfalls, problems and proper practice[J]. American Journal of Science, 2018, 318(5): 491-526.
[120] Raiswell R, Berner R A. Pyrite formation in euxinic and semi-euxinic sediments[J]. American Journal of Science, 1985, 285(8): 710-724.
[121] Raiswell R, Buckley F, Berner R A, et al. Degree of pyritization of iron as a paleoenvironmental indicator of bottom-water oxygenation[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 1988, 58(5): 812-819.
[122] Raiswell R, Canfield D E. Sources of iron for pyrite formation in marine sediments[J]. American Journal of Science, 1998, 298(3): 219-245.
[123] Li C, Love G D, Lyons T W, et al. A stratified redox model for the Ediacaran Ocean[J]. Science, 2010, 328(5974): 80-83.
[124] Poulton S W, Raiswell R. The low-temperature geochemical cycle of iron: From continental fluxes to marine sediment deposition[J]. American Journal of Science, 2002, 302(9): 774-805.
[125] Poulton S W, Fralick P W, Canfield D E. Spatial variability in oceanic redox structure 1.8 billion years ago[J]. Nature Geoscience, 2010, 3(7): 486-490.
[126] Redfield A C. The biological control of chemical factors in the environment[J]. American Scientist, 1958, 46(3): 205-221.
[127] Algeo T J, Ingall E. Sedimentary Corg: P ratios, paleocean ventilation, and Phanerozoic atmospheric pO2 [J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2007, 256(3/4): 130-155.
[128] Steenbergh A K, Bodelier P L E, Hoogveld H L, et al. Phosphatases relieve carbon limitation of microbial activity in Baltic Sea sediments along a redox-gradient[J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 2011, 56(6): 2018-2026.
[129] Kraal P, Slomp C P, Reed D C, et al. Sedimentary phosphorus and iron cycling in and below the oxygen minimum zone of the northern Arabian Sea[J]. Biogeosciences, 2012, 9(7): 2603-2624.
[130] Algeo T J, Li C. Redox classification and calibration of redox thresholds in sedimentary systems[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2020, 287: 8-26.
[131] Morford J L, Emerson S R, Breckel E J, et al. Diagenesis of oxyanions (V, U, Re, and Mo) in pore waters and sediments from a continental margin[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2005, 69(21): 5021-5032.
[132] Jones B, Manning D A C. Comparison of geochemical indices used for the interpretation of palaeoredox conditions in ancient mudstones[J]. Chemical Geology, 1994, 111(1/2/3/4): 111-129.
[133] Algeo T J, Tribovillard N. Environmental analysis of paleoceanographic systems based on molybdenum-uranium covariation[J]. Chemical Geology, 2009, 268(3/4): 211-225.
[134] Little S H, Vance D, Lyons T W, et al. Controls on trace metal authigenic enrichment in reducing sediments: Insights from modern oxygen-deficient settings[J]. American Journal of Science, 2015, 315(2): 77-119.
[135] Sweere T, van den Boorn S, Dickson A J, et al. Definition of new trace-metal proxies for the controls on organic matter enrichment in marine sediments based on Mn, Co, Mo and Cd concentrations[J]. Chemical Geology, 2016, 441: 235-245.
[136] Taylor S R, McLennan S M. The continental crust: Its composition and evolution[J]. The Journal of Geology, 1985, 94(4): 57-72.
[137] McLennan S M. Relationships between the trace element composition of sedimentary rocks and upper continental crust[J]. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2001, 2(4): 2000GC000109.
[138] 张明亮,郭伟,沈俊,等. 古海洋氧化还原地球化学指标研究新进展[J]. 地质科技情报,2017,36(4):95-106.

Zhang Mingliang, Guo Wei, Shen Jun, et al. New progress on geochemical indicators of ancient oceanic redox condition[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2017, 36(4): 95-106.
[139] Noordmann J, Weyer S, Montoya-Pino C, et al. Uranium and molybdenum isotope systematics in modern euxinic basins: Case studies from the central Baltic Sea and the Kyllaren fjord (Norway)[J]. Chemical Geology, 2015, 396: 182-195.
[140] Barling J, Arnold G L, Anbar A D. Natural mass-dependent variations in the isotopic composition of molybdenum[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2001, 193(3/4): 447-457.
[141] Siebert C, Nägler T F, von Blanckenburg F, et al. Molybdenum isotope records as a potential new proxy for paleoceanography[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2003, 211(1/2): 159-171.
[142] Poulson R L, Siebert C, McManus J, et al. Authigenic molybdenum isotope signatures in marine sediments[J]. Geology, 2006, 34(8): 617-620.
[143] Montoya-Pino C, Weyer S, Anbar A D, et al. Global enhancement of ocean anoxia during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2: A quantitative approach using U isotopes[J]. Geology, 2010, 38(4): 315-318.
[144] Romaniello S J, Herrmann A D, Anbar A D. Uranium concentrations and 238U/235U isotope ratios in modern carbonates from the Bahamas: Assessing a novel paleoredox proxy[J]. Chemical Geology, 2013, 362: 305-316.
[145] Goto K T, Anbar A D, Gordon G W, et al. Uranium isotope systematics of ferromanganese crusts in the Pacific Ocean: Implications for the marine 238U/235U isotope system[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2014, 146: 43-58.