<trans-title>Structure Characteristics of DO 12 Climate Abrupt Event: Evidence from the stalagmite record, Shanxi province, in northern China

ZHANG Han; HUANG Wei; JIANG Ying; CHEN ZiYuan; SHEN ChuanChou; DONG JinGuo

doi:10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2021.005

Volume 40 Issue 3

Jun. 2022

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Article Navigation > Acta Sedimentologica Sinica > 2022 > 40(3): 765-773

ZHANG Han, HUANG Wei, JIANG Ying, CHEN ZiYuan, SHEN ChuanChou, DONG JinGuo. Structure Characteristics of DO 12 Climate Abrupt Event: Evidence from the stalagmite record, Shanxi province, in northern China[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2022, 40(3): 765-773. doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2021.005

Citation:

ZHANG Han, HUANG Wei, JIANG Ying, CHEN ZiYuan, SHEN ChuanChou, DONG JinGuo. Structure Characteristics of DO 12 Climate Abrupt Event: Evidence from the stalagmite record, Shanxi province, in northern China[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2022, 40(3): 765-773. doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2021.005

Structure Characteristics of DO 12 Climate Abrupt Event: Evidence from the stalagmite record, Shanxi province, in northern China

doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2021.005

1.
College of Geography Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226007, China
2.
Department of Geographical Science, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi 336000, China
3.
Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 41102216, 41472317, 41877287

Jiangsu Students’Projects for Innovation and Entrepreneur⁃ship Training Program 201910304116Y, 202010304116Y

Received Date: 2020-04-09
Rev Recd Date: 2021-01-06
Publish Date: 2022-06-10

Abstract

To date， the pattern of Dansgaard-Oeschger （DO） events in response to monsoon climate is a question of greatest interest in paleoclimate research. Whether it is manifested as a single pattern or as multiple patterns remains controversial. A high-resolution oxygen isotope profile established with 239 oxygen isotope and 15 ²³⁰Th dates from the Dragon Cave， Shanxi province， North China， provides a detailed history of the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） variation during the middle marine isotope stage （MIS 3）. Our records show significant millennial-scale variability， and are consistent in rate with DO events 11⁃12 and Heinrich event 5 recorded in other Chinese caves and in the Greenland ice core. Their close consistency supports a strong climatic link between high and low latitudes.Early in the DO 12 event， the δ¹⁸O values of stalagmite L2 remained negative， indicating the persistent intensification of the Asian summer monsoon， which is quite different from the pattern of stepwise temperature decrease recorded in the Greenland ice core after approaching the maximum. Comparison of records from different regions demonstrates that the response to the DO event of the Asian summer monsoon， and to the tropical low-latitude hydrological process， was characterized by an asymmetrical inverted V-shape. This may have been related to the release of latent heat from the southern ocean and a strengthened cross-equatorial flow （later weakened）， resulting in the intertropical convergence zone （ITCZ） gradually north （south）. By extension， the summer monsoon in Northern China started to increase continuously， and eventually wane.
- last glacial period,
- Loess Plateau,
- stalagmite,
- East Asian summer monsoon,
- DO 12 event

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0 引言

一系列千年尺度突变事件是末次冰期气候重要特征之一^[1]，其中Dansgaard-Oeschger（DO）旋回成为古气候学家关注的焦点。尽管DO事件在空间分布上具有全球性特征^[2]，但其变化模式和结构特征存在时空差异。在时间上，DO事件的持续时间不尽相同，如格陵兰冰芯记录的DO3间冰阶持续时间为100 a，DO12则为2 600 a^[3]。在深海氧同位素（MIS）4阶段，DO气候事件表现为“低频高幅”特征；在MIS3阶段则表现为“高频高幅”并达到鼎盛期^[4]，这可能与该时段中等大陆冰盖规模、太阳辐射量、大气CO₂浓度等气候边界条件有关^[5-6]。在这种气候背景下，全球气候边界条件接近阀值状态，易引发各种气候要素快速变化^[7]。

在空间上，两极冰芯记录在DO气候旋回中表现出固定的变化模式，即格陵兰冰芯以突变形式开始的“类直角梯形”，而南极冰芯呈现出缓慢升温、缓慢降温的“类等腰三角形”^[8]。尽管目前研究已经建立了亚洲季风记录与北大西洋气候的联系，揭示了北高纬气候对低纬水文循环的驱动机制^[9-11]，但亚洲季风对DO事件的响应模式仍然存在多种可能性。Duan et al.^[12]通过中国北方年纹层石笋记录研究认为，其δ ¹⁸O记录的DO15.2和14事件开始阶段无论是持续时间还是突变特征均与格陵兰冰芯记录高度一致。然而，中国南方石笋记录则表明，其在DO事件起始过程中普遍呈现出类南极冰芯的“缓变”响应特征^[13-17]。另外，经棚黄土剖面记录的DO12事件呈现出不对称的“两峰一谷”形态^[18]，神农架大九湖泥炭记录与之类似^[19]，但重建的大气湿度变化则呈现出四个“冷暖旋回”的高频变化。在石笋记录中，湖北永兴洞在DO12事件过程中呈现出一系列百年尺度的次级波动^[20-21]，广西响水洞则刻画了“双峰”形态^[22]；在Heinrich 1事件（简称H1事件）向冰消阶段转型过程中，石笋指示的夏季风变化呈现“两相位”模式^[23]，其可能在其他气候转换时段也存在类似的变化特征。由此，目前面临的问题是：季风响应的类DO事件是否具有统一的变化模式和过程？如果的确存在区域差异，其背后的驱动机制又是什么？

黄土高原位于现代东亚夏季风影响的边缘区，对东亚夏季风强/弱变化非常敏感。本文利用山西龙洞（编号：L2）高分辨率石笋δ ¹⁸O序列重建了MIS3中期东亚夏季风的演化历史，尝试解析千年尺度DO12事件的变化模式，并初步探讨高、低纬气候系统联系的动力学机制。

2 材料与方法

L2采集时已停止生长，高约250 mm，外表皮光滑且颜色泛白。样品呈柱形尖头状，底部直径约为84 mm。取其一半打磨剖光，在日光下可见清晰水平状生长层。样品自上而下均由纯净碳酸盐方解石组成，岩性致密无溶孔。在抛光面上，用直径为0.9 mm牙钻沿石笋地层顺序钻取13个年代样，每个样品重量约为100~200 mg，化学分析和测试在台湾大学高精度质谱与环境变迁实验室完成测试^[25]，采用同位素稀释法修正质量偏差，测定U-Th含量和同位素组成^[26]，U-Th半衰期数值参照Cheng et al.^[27]；分析仪器为多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（MC-ICP-MS Neptune），年龄分析误差为±2σ，结果见表1。同时，沿石笋生长中心轴采用0.3 mm的钻头，以1 mm为间距获取239个氧同位素数据。使用碳酸盐自动进样装置（KIEL CARBONATE DEVICE Ⅲ），将磷酸与CaCO₃反应提取CO₂，其经纯化后送入MAT-253质谱仪上进行加速离子化检测，每批测试样品插入4个标准样品（NBS-19）进行仪器状态监测。分析误差小于±0.06‰，实验标准为VPDB，由南京师范大学地理科学学院同位素实验室完成。

样品号深度/mm	²³⁸U/×10^-9	²³²Th/×10^-12	²³⁴U/测量值^a	[²³⁰Th/²³⁸U]活度比^b	未校正年龄（a B.P.）	校正年龄（a B.P.）^c,d	δ ²³⁴Uinitial校正初始值^c
L2-10	1 403.3±4.5	112.9±7.6	3 579±18	1.5149±0.005 9	41 579±269	41 579±269	4 026±21
L2-31	1 665.54±2.46	18.6±4.2	3 558.2±7.0	1.527±0.002 6	42 139±111	42 139±111	4 007.5±20.1
L2-38	1 896.96±2.81	21.8±4.4	3 553.2±6.8	1.533 4±0.003 0	42 398±121	42 398±121	4 004.8±5.2
L2-55	1 438.6±5.2	63.6±5.5	3 573.3±14.3	1.544 03±0.006 13	42 521±251	42 520±251	4 029±16
L2-61	1 486.32±2.39	9.8±3.1	3 561.4±7.3	1.550 3±0.002 8	42 854±122	42 854±122	4 019.3±7.7
L2-79	1 858.85±2.88	9.1±3.7	3 546±6.8	1.553 5±0.002 9	43 128±120	43 128±120	4 005±25.8
L2-110	1 016±1.5	2.8±6.1	3 521.3±6.6	1.581 33±0.003 88	44 316±149	44 316±149	3 990.4±7.7
L2-131	1 321.33±1.88	89.2±3.4	3 505.8±6.9	1.584±0.002 7	44 585±120	44 585±120	3 975.9±217
L2-164	1 304.3±2.3	25.4±4.6	3 501.3±8.4	1.599 74±0.004 03	45 158±167	45 158±167	3 977.2±9.7
L2-174	1 341.1±2.1	36.1±5.1	3 550.1±5.8	1.630 4±0.003 5	45 587±135	45 586±135	4 037.5±6.8
L2-209	1 541.78±2.31	106.4±4.5	3 525.5±6.4	1.664 1±0.003 1	47 006±131	47 005±131	4 025.6±81.2
L2-240	1 110.8±3.6	150.8±6.5	3 505±16	1.675 6±0.006 7	47 706±308	47 705±308	4 011±19
L2-247	847.4±1.19	454.1±4.3	3 481.9±6.0	1.676 3±0.003 2	47 967±132	47 964±132	3 986.5±7.1

Table 1. MC⁃ICP⁃MS ²³⁰Th dates for stalagmite L2

5 结论

地处现代季风边缘区的山西龙洞石笋记录了MIS3中期（48~41 ka B.P.）以来东亚夏季风强度演化历史。通过高精度铀钍定年，建立了高分辨率的石笋δ ¹⁸O时间序列，清晰记录了类H5，DO12和DO11等千年尺度气候事件，并初步得出以下结论：

（1）龙洞石笋δ ¹⁸O记录与中国其他地区的石笋记录在变化趋势和千年尺度变化特征方面具有较好的一致性，表明了大区域范围内中国石笋δ ¹⁸O气候信号的真实性和可靠性；山西石笋记录的千年尺度季风事件响应于格陵兰地区气温的冷暖波动，进一步支持北大西洋气候通过海—气耦合机制对低纬季风环流的调控作用。

（2）在H5/DO12或者冷阶/暖阶转型阶段，石笋记录的亚洲夏季风表现为“三相位”变化特征；在DO事件过程的变化模式上，低纬水文过程总体呈现出不对称倒“V”形模式。DO12期间，L2 δ ¹⁸O值在突变后呈“阶梯式”持续偏负，并在临近结束时快速偏正，与中国中部、东部和西南地区的记录相似，但与格陵兰冰芯记录不同，体现了低纬季风所记录的南北半球信号的“混合模式”，这可能与南大洋潜热释放以及ITCZ南北移动施加的影响有关。

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Structure Characteristics of DO 12 Climate Abrupt Event: Evidence from the stalagmite record, Shanxi province, in northern China

doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2021.005

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Structure Characteristics of DO 12 Climate Abrupt Event: Evidence from the stalagmite record, Shanxi province, in northern China

doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2021.005

1. College of Geography Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226007, China

2. Department of Geographical Science, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi 336000, China

3. Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617

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3.1　石笋时标序列的建立

3.2　石笋氧同位素记录

4.1　龙洞δ ¹⁸O记录及其与北高纬气候的联系

4.2　DO12事件响应模式区域对比

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Structure Characteristics of DO 12 Climate Abrupt Event: Evidence from the stalagmite record, Shanxi province, in northern China

doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2021.005

Abstract

References

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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Structure Characteristics of DO 12 Climate Abrupt Event: Evidence from the stalagmite record, Shanxi province, in northern China

doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2021.005

1. College of Geography Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226007, China 2. Department of Geographical Science, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi 336000, China 3. Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617

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3.1 石笋时标序列的建立

3.2 石笋氧同位素记录

4.1 龙洞δ 18O记录及其与北高纬气候的联系

4.2 DO12事件响应模式区域对比

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1. College of Geography Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226007, China

2. Department of Geographical Science, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi 336000, China

3. Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617

3.1　石笋时标序列的建立

3.2　石笋氧同位素记录

4.1　龙洞δ ¹⁸O记录及其与北高纬气候的联系

4.2　DO12事件响应模式区域对比