The Weathering and Evolution of Soil Fcrrallite Minerals in the South China

Key words: 
• ferralhte /
• primary mineral /
• clay mineral /
• weathering /
• evolution

Abstract: This paper dealt with the weathering and evolution of primary and clay minerals in ferrallite derived from basalt and granite in the south China .In the intensive weathered iatosol derived from basalt,the heavy min- erals mainly existed in the particle fractions of 10-50μm and 50-100μm,accounting for 35%-90%. In the feeble weathered red soils and lateritic red soils derived from basalt, the heavy minerals are lagely distributed in the particle fraction of 100-250μm,making up 10%-20%. However, the light minerals take the leading position in the ferrallite derived from granite. The kaolinite content in the lateritic red soils and red soils derived. from basalt are less than that in the clay fraction (<2μm)in the red soils are less than that in the latosol and iateritic red soils derived from basalt. The kaolinite contents in clay fraction in the lateritic red soils,red soils and yellow soils derived from granite are 54%,42 % and 35 %, respectively .According to the weathering of feldspar in the red and yellow soils derived from basalt and granite,the weathering process is subject to the climate Londitions and parent materials,therefore,the cimate and parent materials control the distribution of feldspar in various particle fractions .The wE:athering order among different feldspars is that ;Na-feldspar≥K-feldspar≥Ca-feldspar.