Helium Isotope Tracing on Depositional Events

YE Xian ren; REN Jian guo; TAO Ming xin; WANG Zong li

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Article Navigation > Acta Sedimentologica Sinica > 2003 > 21(4): 640-647

YE Xian ren, REN Jian guo, TAO Ming xin, WANG Zong li. Helium Isotope Tracing on Depositional Events[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2003, 21(4): 640-647.

Citation:

YE Xian ren, REN Jian guo, TAO Ming xin, WANG Zong li. Helium Isotope Tracing on Depositional Events[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2003, 21(4): 640-647.

Helium Isotope Tracing on Depositional Events

1.
State Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000;
2.
College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao Shandong 266003

Received Date: 2003-01-14
Rev Recd Date: 2003-05-15
Publish Date: 2003-12-10

Abstract

There are diffrent marks on depositional events which are caused by physical, chemical, or/and biological events in the sediment sequences.The suddenness on event deposits will contain various materials from different sources into sediment sequences.Terrest rial ⁴He abundance in the marine sediments is dominated by old continental dusts.Helium in seafloor sediments is predominantly derived from old continetal material with lower ³He/⁴He ratio.It is shown by the oretical calculationg that there is a considerable correlation between the bulk mass accumulation rates (MAR)of Asian Aeolian dust and ⁴He flux in the ocean basins.The onset of 100 kyr glacial-interglacial cycling in the oxygen isotope record clearly matches with the onset of 100 kyr periodicity in the crustal ⁴ He flux.Testing the IDP accretion rate by using extraterrest rial ³He flux in the samples from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), It can be seen that the burial flux of extraterrest rial ³He is also associated with glacial-interglacial cycles. The fact that a high ex traterrestrial ³He ([ ³He] Et)found in the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (KTB)clay implies a short duration of the KTB event.The high ³He/⁴He ratios found in the fullerenes from Meishan (China) and Sasayama (Japan)should reveal that the fullerene carriers are formed in an extraterrest rial environment.In the cosmos, the difference of helium content and isotopic composition in various sources and the high helium preservation in the seafloor sediments may provide a high sensitivity means for exploring depositional events.
- event deposition,
- helium,
- isotope,
- tracing

References

[1]	Aharon P, Goldstein S L, Wheeler C W, et al. Sea-level events in the South Pacific linked with the Messinian salinity crisis[J]. Geology, 1993, 21: 771～775
[2]	Alvarez W, Asaro F, Montanari A. Iridium profile for 10 million years across the Cretaceous-Tertiary at Gubbio (Italy)[J]. Science, 1990, 250: 1700～1702.
[3]	Becker L, Poreda R J, Bada J L. Extraterrestrial helium trapped in fullerenes in the Sudbury impact structure[J]. Science, 1996, 272: 249～252
[4]	Becker L, Poreda R J, Bunch Th E. Fullerenes: an extraterrestrial carbon carrier phase for noble gases[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2000, 97: 2979～2983.
[5]	Becker L, Poreda R J, Hunt A G, et al. Impact event at the Permian-Triassic boundary: Evidence from extraterrestrial noble gases in fullerenes[J]. Science, 2001, 291(5508): 1530～1533
[6]	Berger W H, Yasuda M K, Bickert T, et al. Quaternary timescale for the Ontong Java Plateau: Milankovitch template for Ocean Drilling Program Site 806[J]. Geology, 1994, 22:463～467
[7]	Bowring S A, Erwin D H, Jin Y G, et al. U/Pb zircon geochronology and tempo of the end-Permian mass extinction[J]. Science, 1998, 280: 1039～1045
[8]	Chuey J M, Rea D K, Pisias N G. Late Pleistocene paleoclimatology of the central equatorial Pacific: a quantitative record of eolian and carbonate deposition[J]. Quatary Research, 1987, 28: 323～339
[9]	Clemens S C, Prell W L. Late Pleistocene variability of Arabian Sea summer monsoon winds and continental aridity: Eolian records from the lithogenic component of deep-sea sediments[J]. Paleoceanography, 1990, 5:109～145
[10]	Erwin D H. The Permo-Triassic extinction[J]. Nature, 1994, 367: 231～236
[11]	Farley K A, and Patterson D B. A 100-kyr periodicity in the flux of extraterrestrial 3 He to the seafloor[J]. Nature, 1995, 378: 600～603
[12]	Farley K A, Montanari A, Schoemaker E M, et al. Geochemical evidence for a comet shower in the Late Eocene[J]. Science, 1998, 280: 1250～1252
[13]	Farley K A. Cenozoic variations in the flux of interplanetary dust recorded by 3 He in a deep-sea sediment[J]. Nature, 1995, 376:153～156
[14]	Herbert T D, D'Hondt S L. Precessional climate cyclicity in late Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary events[J]. Earth Planet Science Letter, 1990, 99: 263～275
[15]	Heymann D. Buckminsterfullerene, its siblings, and soot-carriers of trapped inert-gases in meteorites[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1986, 91(B13): E135～138
[16]	Hofmann C, Feraud G, Courtillot V. 40 Ar/39Ar dating of mineral separates and whole rocks from the Western Ghats lava pile: further constraints on duration and age of the Deccan traps[J]. Earth Planet Science Letter, 2000, 180: 13～27
[17]	Hovan S A, Rea D K, Pisias N G. Late Pleistocene continental climate and oceanic variability recorded in northwest Pacific sediments[J]. Paleoceanography, 1991, 6: 349～298
[18]	Hovan S A, Rea D K, Pisias N G, et al. A direct link between the China loess and marine δ18O records: Aeolian flux to the north Pacific[J]. Nature, 1989, 340: 296～298
[19]	Hut P, Alvarez W, Elder W P, et al. Comet showers as a cause of mass extinctions[J]. Nature, 1987, 329: 118～126
[20]	Jin Y G, Wang Y, Wang W, et al. Pattern of marine mass extinction near the Permian-Triassic boundary in South China[J]. Science, 2000, 289: 432～436
[21]	Keller G, MacLeod N, Lyons J B, et al. Is there evidence for Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary-age deep-water deposits in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico[J]. Geology, 1993, 21: 776～780
[22]	Kutzbach J E, Guetter P J, Ruddiman W F, et al. Sensitivity of climate to late Cenozoic uplift in Southern Asia and the American West: Numerical experiments[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1989, 94:18393～18407
[23]	Kyte F T, Leinen M, Heath G R, et al. Cenozoic sedimentation history of the central North Pacific: inference from the elemental geochemistry of Core LL44-GPC3[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1993, 57:1719～1740
[24]	Kyte F T. A meteorite from the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary[J]. Nature, 1998, 396: 237～239
[25]	Marcantonio F, Anderson R F, Stute M, et al. Extraterrestrial 3 He as a tracer of marine sediment transport and accumulation[J]. Nature, 1996, 383: 705～707
[26]	Marcantonio F, Higgins S, Anderson R F, et al. Terrigenous helium in marine sediments: A provenance indicator. Eos, 1997, 78: F390
[27]	Middleton N J. Effect of drought on dust production in the Sahel[J]. Nature, 1985, 316: 431～434
[28]	Mukhopadhyay S, Farley K A, Montanari A. A 35 Myr record of helium in pelagic limestones from Italy: implications for interplanetary dust accretion from the early Maastrichtian to the middle Eocene[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2001, 65: 653～669
[29]	Mukhopadhyay S, Farley K A, Montanari A. A short duration of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary event: evidence from extraterrestrial helium-3[J]. Science, 2001, 291: 1952～1955
[30]	Muller R A, MacDonald G J. Glacial cycles and orbital inclination[J]. Nature, 1995, 377: 107～108
[31]	Muller R A, MacDonald G J. Glacial cycling and astronomical forcing[J]. Science, 1997, 277: 215～218
[32]	Muller R A, MacDonald G J. Simultaneous presence of orbital inclination and eccentricity in proxy climate records from Ocean Drilling Program Site 806[J]. Geology, 1997, 25: 3～6
[33]	Nier A O, Schlutter D J. Helium and neon isotopes in stratospheric particles[J]. Meteoritics, 1990, 25: 263～267
[34]	Officer C B, Hallam A, Drake C L, et al. Late Cretaceous and paroxysmal Cretaceous Tertiary extinctions[J]. Nature, 1987, 326: 143～149
[35]	Ozima M, Takayanagi M, Zashu S, et al. High 3 He/4He in ocean sediments[J]. Nature, 1984, 311: 449～451
[36]	Patterson D B, Farley K A, Norman M D. 4 He as a tracer of continental dust: A 1.9 million year record of Aeolian flux to the west equatorial Pacific Ocean[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1999, 63: 615～625
[37]	Patterson D B, Farley K A, Schmitz B. Preservation of extraterrestrial 3 He in 480-Ma-Old marine limestones[J]. Earth Planet Science Letter, 1998, 163: 315～325
[38]	Patterson D B, Farley K A. Extraterrestrial 3 He in seafloor sediments: Evidence for correlated 100kyr periodicity in the accretion rate of interplanetary dust, orbital parameters, and Quaternary climate[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1998, 62: 3669～3682
[39]	Prospero J M, and Tees R T. Impact of the North African drought and El Nino on mineral dust in the Barbados trade winds[J]. Nature, 1986, 320: 735～738
[40]	Rampino M R, Prokoph A, Adler A. Tempo of the end-Permian event: High-resolution cyclostratigraphy at the Permian-Triassic boundary[J]. Geology, 2000, 28: 643～646
[41]	Raup D M. Size of the Permo-Triassic bottleneck and its evolutionary implications[J]. Science, 1979, 206: 217～218
[42]	Rea D K, Leinen M, Janecek T R. Geologic approach to the long-term history of atmospheric circulation[J]. Science, 1985, 227: 721～725
[43]	Rea D K. The paleoclimatic record provided by eolian deposition in the deep sea: The geologic history of wind[J]. Review Geophysics, 1994, 32: 159～195
[44]	Renne P R, Zhang Z C, Richards M A, et al. Synchrony and causal relations between Permian-Triassic boundary crises and Siberian flood volcanism[J]. Science, 1995, 269: 1413～1416
[45]	Retallack G J, Seyedolali A, Krull E S, et al. Search for evidence of impact at the Permian-Triassic boundary in Antarctica and Australia[J]. Geology, 1998, 26: 979～982
[46]	Ruddiman W F, and Kutzbach J E. Forcing of late Cenozoic northern hemisphere climate by plateau uplift in Southern Asia and the American West[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1989, 94: 18409～18427
[47]	Saunders M, Jimenez-Vazquez H A, Cross R J, et al. Stable compounds of helium and neon-He at the cost of C60 and Ne at the cost of C60[J]. Science, 1993, 259: 1428～1430
[48]	Sepkoski J J, Periodicity in extinction and the problem of catastrophism in the history of life[J]. Journal of Geological Sociaty of London, 1989, 146: 7～19
[49]	Shukolyukov A, Lugmair G W. Isotopic evidence for the Cretaceous-Tertiary impactor and its type[J]. Science, 1998, 282: 927～929
[50]	Takayanagi M, Ozima M. Temporal variation of 3 He/4He ratio recorded in deep-sea sediment cores[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1987, 92: 12531～12538
[51]	Tiedemann R, Sarnthein M, Shackleton N J. Astronomic timescale for the Pliocene Atlantic δ18O and dust flux records of Ocean Drilling site 659[J]. Paleoceanography, 1994, 9: 619～638
[52]	Vischer H, Brinkhuis H, Dilcher D L, et al. The terminal Paleozoic fungal event: Evidence of terrestrial ecosystem destabilization and collapse[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1996, 93: 2155～2158
[53]	Ward P D, Montgomery D R, Smith R. Altered river morphology in South Africa related to the Permian-Triassic extinction[J]. Science, 2000, 289: 1740～1743
[54]	孙明良, 陈践发. 真空电磁破碎器粉碎盐岩颗粒及稀有气体同位素组成测量的实验研究[J]. 沉积学报, 1998, 16(1): 103～106. [Sun Mingliang, Chen Jianfa. Study on the salt deposit crushing by the vacuum-electric-breaker and measurement of noble gas isotope composition[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1998, 16(1): 103～106]
[55]	孙明良, 叶先仁. 固体样品中He、Ar同位素的质谱测定[J]. 沉积学报, 1997, 15(1): 48～53[Sun Mingliang, Ye Xianren. Measurement on He and Ar isotopic compositions in solid samples by mass spectrometry [J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1997, 15(1): 48～53]
[56]	王璞君, 刘万洙, 单玄龙,等. 事件沉积:导论实例应用[M]. 长春:吉林省科学技术出版社, 2001. 181[Wang Pujun, Liu Wanzhu, Shan Xuanlong, et al. Depositional Events: Introduction Example Application[M]. Changchun: Jilin Science & Technology Press, 2001, 181]
[57]	王先彬. 稀有气体同位素地球化学和宇宙化学[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1989. 451[Wang Xianbin. Noble gas isotope geochemistry and comoschemistry[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1989. 451]

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Helium Isotope Tracing on Depositional Events

1. State Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000;

2. College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao Shandong 266003

Received Date: 2003-01-14

Rev Recd Date: 2003-05-15

Publish Date: 2003-12-10

Key words:

event deposition /
helium /
isotope /
tracing

Abstract: There are diffrent marks on depositional events which are caused by physical, chemical, or/and biological events in the sediment sequences.The suddenness on event deposits will contain various materials from different sources into sediment sequences.Terrest rial ⁴He abundance in the marine sediments is dominated by old continental dusts.Helium in seafloor sediments is predominantly derived from old continetal material with lower ³He/⁴He ratio.It is shown by the oretical calculationg that there is a considerable correlation between the bulk mass accumulation rates (MAR)of Asian Aeolian dust and ⁴He flux in the ocean basins.The onset of 100 kyr glacial-interglacial cycling in the oxygen isotope record clearly matches with the onset of 100 kyr periodicity in the crustal ⁴ He flux.Testing the IDP accretion rate by using extraterrest rial ³He flux in the samples from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), It can be seen that the burial flux of extraterrest rial ³He is also associated with glacial-interglacial cycles. The fact that a high ex traterrestrial ³He ([ ³He] Et)found in the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (KTB)clay implies a short duration of the KTB event.The high ³He/⁴He ratios found in the fullerenes from Meishan (China) and Sasayama (Japan)should reveal that the fullerene carriers are formed in an extraterrest rial environment.In the cosmos, the difference of helium content and isotopic composition in various sources and the high helium preservation in the seafloor sediments may provide a high sensitivity means for exploring depositional events.

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Reference (57)

[1]	Aharon P, Goldstein S L, Wheeler C W, et al. Sea-level events in the South Pacific linked with the Messinian salinity crisis[J]. Geology, 1993, 21: 771～775
[2]	Alvarez W, Asaro F, Montanari A. Iridium profile for 10 million years across the Cretaceous-Tertiary at Gubbio (Italy)[J]. Science, 1990, 250: 1700～1702.
[3]	Becker L, Poreda R J, Bada J L. Extraterrestrial helium trapped in fullerenes in the Sudbury impact structure[J]. Science, 1996, 272: 249～252
[4]	Becker L, Poreda R J, Bunch Th E. Fullerenes: an extraterrestrial carbon carrier phase for noble gases[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2000, 97: 2979～2983.
[5]	Becker L, Poreda R J, Hunt A G, et al. Impact event at the Permian-Triassic boundary: Evidence from extraterrestrial noble gases in fullerenes[J]. Science, 2001, 291(5508): 1530～1533
[6]	Berger W H, Yasuda M K, Bickert T, et al. Quaternary timescale for the Ontong Java Plateau: Milankovitch template for Ocean Drilling Program Site 806[J]. Geology, 1994, 22:463～467
[7]	Bowring S A, Erwin D H, Jin Y G, et al. U/Pb zircon geochronology and tempo of the end-Permian mass extinction[J]. Science, 1998, 280: 1039～1045
[8]	Chuey J M, Rea D K, Pisias N G. Late Pleistocene paleoclimatology of the central equatorial Pacific: a quantitative record of eolian and carbonate deposition[J]. Quatary Research, 1987, 28: 323～339
[9]	Clemens S C, Prell W L. Late Pleistocene variability of Arabian Sea summer monsoon winds and continental aridity: Eolian records from the lithogenic component of deep-sea sediments[J]. Paleoceanography, 1990, 5:109～145
[10]	Erwin D H. The Permo-Triassic extinction[J]. Nature, 1994, 367: 231～236
[11]	Farley K A, and Patterson D B. A 100-kyr periodicity in the flux of extraterrestrial 3 He to the seafloor[J]. Nature, 1995, 378: 600～603
[12]	Farley K A, Montanari A, Schoemaker E M, et al. Geochemical evidence for a comet shower in the Late Eocene[J]. Science, 1998, 280: 1250～1252
[13]	Farley K A. Cenozoic variations in the flux of interplanetary dust recorded by 3 He in a deep-sea sediment[J]. Nature, 1995, 376:153～156
[14]	Herbert T D, D'Hondt S L. Precessional climate cyclicity in late Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary events[J]. Earth Planet Science Letter, 1990, 99: 263～275
[15]	Heymann D. Buckminsterfullerene, its siblings, and soot-carriers of trapped inert-gases in meteorites[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1986, 91(B13): E135～138
[16]	Hofmann C, Feraud G, Courtillot V. 40 Ar/39Ar dating of mineral separates and whole rocks from the Western Ghats lava pile: further constraints on duration and age of the Deccan traps[J]. Earth Planet Science Letter, 2000, 180: 13～27
[17]	Hovan S A, Rea D K, Pisias N G. Late Pleistocene continental climate and oceanic variability recorded in northwest Pacific sediments[J]. Paleoceanography, 1991, 6: 349～298
[18]	Hovan S A, Rea D K, Pisias N G, et al. A direct link between the China loess and marine δ18O records: Aeolian flux to the north Pacific[J]. Nature, 1989, 340: 296～298
[19]	Hut P, Alvarez W, Elder W P, et al. Comet showers as a cause of mass extinctions[J]. Nature, 1987, 329: 118～126
[20]	Jin Y G, Wang Y, Wang W, et al. Pattern of marine mass extinction near the Permian-Triassic boundary in South China[J]. Science, 2000, 289: 432～436
[21]	Keller G, MacLeod N, Lyons J B, et al. Is there evidence for Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary-age deep-water deposits in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico[J]. Geology, 1993, 21: 776～780
[22]	Kutzbach J E, Guetter P J, Ruddiman W F, et al. Sensitivity of climate to late Cenozoic uplift in Southern Asia and the American West: Numerical experiments[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1989, 94:18393～18407
[23]	Kyte F T, Leinen M, Heath G R, et al. Cenozoic sedimentation history of the central North Pacific: inference from the elemental geochemistry of Core LL44-GPC3[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1993, 57:1719～1740
[24]	Kyte F T. A meteorite from the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary[J]. Nature, 1998, 396: 237～239
[25]	Marcantonio F, Anderson R F, Stute M, et al. Extraterrestrial 3 He as a tracer of marine sediment transport and accumulation[J]. Nature, 1996, 383: 705～707
[26]	Marcantonio F, Higgins S, Anderson R F, et al. Terrigenous helium in marine sediments: A provenance indicator. Eos, 1997, 78: F390
[27]	Middleton N J. Effect of drought on dust production in the Sahel[J]. Nature, 1985, 316: 431～434
[28]	Mukhopadhyay S, Farley K A, Montanari A. A 35 Myr record of helium in pelagic limestones from Italy: implications for interplanetary dust accretion from the early Maastrichtian to the middle Eocene[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2001, 65: 653～669
[29]	Mukhopadhyay S, Farley K A, Montanari A. A short duration of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary event: evidence from extraterrestrial helium-3[J]. Science, 2001, 291: 1952～1955
[30]	Muller R A, MacDonald G J. Glacial cycles and orbital inclination[J]. Nature, 1995, 377: 107～108
[31]	Muller R A, MacDonald G J. Glacial cycling and astronomical forcing[J]. Science, 1997, 277: 215～218
[32]	Muller R A, MacDonald G J. Simultaneous presence of orbital inclination and eccentricity in proxy climate records from Ocean Drilling Program Site 806[J]. Geology, 1997, 25: 3～6
[33]	Nier A O, Schlutter D J. Helium and neon isotopes in stratospheric particles[J]. Meteoritics, 1990, 25: 263～267
[34]	Officer C B, Hallam A, Drake C L, et al. Late Cretaceous and paroxysmal Cretaceous Tertiary extinctions[J]. Nature, 1987, 326: 143～149
[35]	Ozima M, Takayanagi M, Zashu S, et al. High 3 He/4He in ocean sediments[J]. Nature, 1984, 311: 449～451
[36]	Patterson D B, Farley K A, Norman M D. 4 He as a tracer of continental dust: A 1.9 million year record of Aeolian flux to the west equatorial Pacific Ocean[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1999, 63: 615～625
[37]	Patterson D B, Farley K A, Schmitz B. Preservation of extraterrestrial 3 He in 480-Ma-Old marine limestones[J]. Earth Planet Science Letter, 1998, 163: 315～325
[38]	Patterson D B, Farley K A. Extraterrestrial 3 He in seafloor sediments: Evidence for correlated 100kyr periodicity in the accretion rate of interplanetary dust, orbital parameters, and Quaternary climate[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1998, 62: 3669～3682
[39]	Prospero J M, and Tees R T. Impact of the North African drought and El Nino on mineral dust in the Barbados trade winds[J]. Nature, 1986, 320: 735～738
[40]	Rampino M R, Prokoph A, Adler A. Tempo of the end-Permian event: High-resolution cyclostratigraphy at the Permian-Triassic boundary[J]. Geology, 2000, 28: 643～646
[41]	Raup D M. Size of the Permo-Triassic bottleneck and its evolutionary implications[J]. Science, 1979, 206: 217～218
[42]	Rea D K, Leinen M, Janecek T R. Geologic approach to the long-term history of atmospheric circulation[J]. Science, 1985, 227: 721～725
[43]	Rea D K. The paleoclimatic record provided by eolian deposition in the deep sea: The geologic history of wind[J]. Review Geophysics, 1994, 32: 159～195
[44]	Renne P R, Zhang Z C, Richards M A, et al. Synchrony and causal relations between Permian-Triassic boundary crises and Siberian flood volcanism[J]. Science, 1995, 269: 1413～1416
[45]	Retallack G J, Seyedolali A, Krull E S, et al. Search for evidence of impact at the Permian-Triassic boundary in Antarctica and Australia[J]. Geology, 1998, 26: 979～982
[46]	Ruddiman W F, and Kutzbach J E. Forcing of late Cenozoic northern hemisphere climate by plateau uplift in Southern Asia and the American West[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1989, 94: 18409～18427
[47]	Saunders M, Jimenez-Vazquez H A, Cross R J, et al. Stable compounds of helium and neon-He at the cost of C60 and Ne at the cost of C60[J]. Science, 1993, 259: 1428～1430
[48]	Sepkoski J J, Periodicity in extinction and the problem of catastrophism in the history of life[J]. Journal of Geological Sociaty of London, 1989, 146: 7～19
[49]	Shukolyukov A, Lugmair G W. Isotopic evidence for the Cretaceous-Tertiary impactor and its type[J]. Science, 1998, 282: 927～929
[50]	Takayanagi M, Ozima M. Temporal variation of 3 He/4He ratio recorded in deep-sea sediment cores[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1987, 92: 12531～12538
[51]	Tiedemann R, Sarnthein M, Shackleton N J. Astronomic timescale for the Pliocene Atlantic δ18O and dust flux records of Ocean Drilling site 659[J]. Paleoceanography, 1994, 9: 619～638
[52]	Vischer H, Brinkhuis H, Dilcher D L, et al. The terminal Paleozoic fungal event: Evidence of terrestrial ecosystem destabilization and collapse[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1996, 93: 2155～2158
[53]	Ward P D, Montgomery D R, Smith R. Altered river morphology in South Africa related to the Permian-Triassic extinction[J]. Science, 2000, 289: 1740～1743
[54]	孙明良, 陈践发. 真空电磁破碎器粉碎盐岩颗粒及稀有气体同位素组成测量的实验研究[J]. 沉积学报, 1998, 16(1): 103～106. [Sun Mingliang, Chen Jianfa. Study on the salt deposit crushing by the vacuum-electric-breaker and measurement of noble gas isotope composition[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1998, 16(1): 103～106]
[55]	孙明良, 叶先仁. 固体样品中He、Ar同位素的质谱测定[J]. 沉积学报, 1997, 15(1): 48～53[Sun Mingliang, Ye Xianren. Measurement on He and Ar isotopic compositions in solid samples by mass spectrometry [J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1997, 15(1): 48～53]
[56]	王璞君, 刘万洙, 单玄龙,等. 事件沉积:导论实例应用[M]. 长春:吉林省科学技术出版社, 2001. 181[Wang Pujun, Liu Wanzhu, Shan Xuanlong, et al. Depositional Events: Introduction Example Application[M]. Changchun: Jilin Science & Technology Press, 2001, 181]
[57]	王先彬. 稀有气体同位素地球化学和宇宙化学[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1989. 451[Wang Xianbin. Noble gas isotope geochemistry and comoschemistry[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1989. 451]

Helium Isotope Tracing on Depositional Events

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