Possibility of Gas Hydrate Occurring in the Western Lower Slope of Mid Okinawa Trough

MENG Xian wei; LIU Bao hua; SHI Xue fa; WU Jin long

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Article Navigation > Acta Sedimentologica Sinica > 2000 > 18(4): 629-633

MENG Xian wei, LIU Bao hua, SHI Xue fa, WU Jin long. Possibility of Gas Hydrate Occurring in the Western Lower Slope of Mid Okinawa Trough[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2000, 18(4): 629-633.

Citation:

MENG Xian wei, LIU Bao hua, SHI Xue fa, WU Jin long. Possibility of Gas Hydrate Occurring in the Western Lower Slope of Mid Okinawa Trough[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2000, 18(4): 629-633.

Possibility of Gas Hydrate Occurring in the Western Lower Slope of Mid Okinawa Trough

1.
First Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration,Qingdao Shandong 266061

Received Date: 1999-11-02
Rev Recd Date: 1999-12-14
Publish Date: 2000-08-10

Abstract

Although 90 percent area of the ocean with depth from 300 to 3 000 meters is suitable to occurrence of gas hydrate in view of temperature and pressure condition,gas hydrate dose not occur everywhere in ocean. The occurrence of gas hydrate is tightly related to geological setting.From tectonic point of view,gas hydrate in the ocean occurs along continenatl margin:one kind is at active passive margin prism,the other is at the continental slope or slope foot.The fromation of gas hydrate is also tightly related to sediment type,sedimentation rate and organic source,as well as heat flow,i.e.more content of organic matter quickly buried in sediments is material condition for the formation of gas hydrate;more coarse sediments,consequently more porosity and more content of porous aquifer supply plentiful space for the cementation of gas hydrate.Gas in hydrate is subjected to biogenesis and thermal degradation of organic matter,so that more content of biomass and higher heat flow are favorable for the formation of gas hydrate. Two kinds of marks are commonly used for distingushing gas hydrate. In seabed sediments,one is geophysical mark,i.e.blank reflection and simulated seafloor reflector (BSR) which is caused by the different acoustic wave velocity between hydrate zone and underneath sediments and parallel to seafloor and oblique to bedding.In contrast to seafloor reflection,simulated seafloor reflector has reversed polarity.The other is geochemical mark,i.e.positive CH ₄,H ₂S and CO ₂ gas geochemical anomalous,as well as negative saltness or chlorinity anomalous should be present due to the decomposition of gas hydrate in the log profile. The western lower slope of Mid Okinawa Trough possesses good geological setting and conditions for the formation of gas hydrate.First of all,the water depth is more than 1 000 meters, which is suitable to the formation of gas hydrate from the temperature perssure point of view.Secondly,sedimentss almost silty mud and muddy silt which may supply plentiful cemented space for gas hydrate.Thirdly,the content of organic matter in sediment is much higher than adjacent area,the sedimentation rate is also higher(10～40 cm·ka),causing the abundant organic matter buried quickly,so that the gas source is stored for the formation of gas hydeate.The last is that the values of heat flow change from 70 to 437 mw/m ²,much higher than the other area,supplying plentiful heat for thermal degradation of organic matter.A channel seismic reflection profile(A—A′)at the lower slope margin,with depth from 1 500 to 1 800 meters,shows that a simulated seafloor reflector occurs at depth of 2 250 meters beneath sea floor and gradually disappears up slope,which is parallel to seafloor and oblique to bedding,and also has negative polarity (reversed polarity) in contrast to seafloor reflection.Therefore,we initially deduce that the gas hydrate may occur at the western lower slope of Mid Okinawa Trough.
- Okinawa trough,
- gas hydrate,
- simulated seafloor reflector

References

[1]	孙成权.21世纪能源与环境的前沿问题－天然气水合物[J].地球科学进展,1994,9(6)：49～52
[2]	史斗等著.国外天然气水合物研究进展[M].兰州：兰州大学出版社,1992.1～9
[3]	孟宪伟,杜德文.海洋天然气水合物：未来的新能源[A].98青年海洋论坛－海洋可持续发展论文集[C].北京：海洋出版社,1998,211～215
[4]	姚伯初.南海北部陆缘天然气水合物初探[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1998,18(4):11～18
[5]	Max M D. Oceanic methane hydrate: A “frontier ”gas resource[J]. Petroleum J. Geology, 1996,19( 1 ) :41 ～56
[6]	Tucholke B E. Gas- hydrate horizons Detected in seismicprofiler data from the westrn Atlanic[J]. A. G. P.G. Bulletin, 1997,61 (5): 698 ～ 707
[7]	Miller J J. An analysis of a seismic reflection from the base of a gas hydrate zone, offshore Peru [J]. A. A. P. G Bulletin, 1991,75 (5): 910 ～ 924
[8]	Lee M W. Seismic character of gas hydrates on the southesatern U. S Continental Margin[J]. Marine Geophysical Researches, 1994, 16:163 ～184
[9]	Katzman R. Combined vertical - incidence and wide - angle seismic study of gas hydrate zonre, Blake ridge[J]. J. G. R., 1994,99 (B9): 17 975～ 17 995
[10]	Ship Ley T H. Seismic evidence for widespread possible gas hydrate horizons on continetal slopes and Rises[J]. A. A. P. G. Bulletin, 1979, 63(12):2 204～2 213
[11]	Holbrook W S. Methane hydrate and free gas on the Blake Ridge from vertical seismic profiling[J]. Science, 1996,273:1 840～1 842
[12]	Wood W T. Quantitive detection of metane hydate through high - resolution seismic velocity analysis[J]. J. G. R., 1994,99 (B5): 9 681～9 695
[13]	Dickers G R. Direct measurement of in situ methane quantities in a large gas- hydrate reservoir[J]. Nature, 1997,385: 426～428
[14]	李培英等.冲绳海槽年代地层与沉积速率[J].中国科学D辑,1999,29(1)：50～55
[15]	千叶仁等.冲绳トラフ南奄西海工工の海底热水活动：热水の地球化学特征,第9回しんかぃシンポヅヮ厶报告书[R].1993.271～282
[16]	Damn V. Chemistry of submarine hydrothermal solution at 221°N, East pacific Rise[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1985a,49: 2 197～2 220
[17]	Gamo S H T. Unique chemistry of the hydrothermal solution in the mid - okinawa Trough backarc basin [J]. Geophysics Research Letter, 1990,17:2 133～1 136
[18]	Damn V. Chemistry of submarine hydrothermal solution at Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California [J]. Geochimica et Cosimochimica Acta, 1985b,49:2 221～2 237
[19]	Bowers T S. chemical controls on the composition of vent fluids at 13ll°N,East pacific Rise[J]. J Geophysical Research, 1988,93:4 522～4 526
[20]	Damn V. Cgrbistry of hydrothermal aolutions form the southen Juan de Fuca Ridge[J]. J. Geophysical Research, 1987,92: 334～346
[21]	小圾丈予等.鹿岛湾北部の海底喷气ス成分の变化と灿活动の推移,第8回报告书[J]1992,75～80
[22]	Gama T H. etal High alkalinity due to sulfate reduction in the CLAM hydrothermal fied,Okinawa Trough[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letter, 1990,107 ( 2 ): 328～338
[23]	赵其渊.海洋地球化学[M].北京：地质出版社,1989.6～10
[24]	Bischoff. Sea-flour massive sufide depposits from 21° N, East Pacific Rise, JUan Fuca Ridge; and Galapagos Rift; bulk chenieal composition and economic ipplieation[J]. Economic Geology, 1983,78:1711～1720
[25]	Gomitz V. Potential distribution of methane hydrate in the world ocean [J]. Global Biogeochenicad Cycles, 1994,8 (3): 335～346

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Possibility of Gas Hydrate Occurring in the Western Lower Slope of Mid Okinawa Trough

1. First Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration,Qingdao Shandong 266061

Received Date: 1999-11-02

Rev Recd Date: 1999-12-14

Publish Date: 2000-08-10

Key words:

Abstract: Although 90 percent area of the ocean with depth from 300 to 3 000 meters is suitable to occurrence of gas hydrate in view of temperature and pressure condition,gas hydrate dose not occur everywhere in ocean. The occurrence of gas hydrate is tightly related to geological setting.From tectonic point of view,gas hydrate in the ocean occurs along continenatl margin:one kind is at active passive margin prism,the other is at the continental slope or slope foot.The fromation of gas hydrate is also tightly related to sediment type,sedimentation rate and organic source,as well as heat flow,i.e.more content of organic matter quickly buried in sediments is material condition for the formation of gas hydrate;more coarse sediments,consequently more porosity and more content of porous aquifer supply plentiful space for the cementation of gas hydrate.Gas in hydrate is subjected to biogenesis and thermal degradation of organic matter,so that more content of biomass and higher heat flow are favorable for the formation of gas hydrate. Two kinds of marks are commonly used for distingushing gas hydrate. In seabed sediments,one is geophysical mark,i.e.blank reflection and simulated seafloor reflector (BSR) which is caused by the different acoustic wave velocity between hydrate zone and underneath sediments and parallel to seafloor and oblique to bedding.In contrast to seafloor reflection,simulated seafloor reflector has reversed polarity.The other is geochemical mark,i.e.positive CH ₄,H ₂S and CO ₂ gas geochemical anomalous,as well as negative saltness or chlorinity anomalous should be present due to the decomposition of gas hydrate in the log profile. The western lower slope of Mid Okinawa Trough possesses good geological setting and conditions for the formation of gas hydrate.First of all,the water depth is more than 1 000 meters, which is suitable to the formation of gas hydrate from the temperature perssure point of view.Secondly,sedimentss almost silty mud and muddy silt which may supply plentiful cemented space for gas hydrate.Thirdly,the content of organic matter in sediment is much higher than adjacent area,the sedimentation rate is also higher(10～40 cm·ka),causing the abundant organic matter buried quickly,so that the gas source is stored for the formation of gas hydeate.The last is that the values of heat flow change from 70 to 437 mw/m ²,much higher than the other area,supplying plentiful heat for thermal degradation of organic matter.A channel seismic reflection profile(A—A′)at the lower slope margin,with depth from 1 500 to 1 800 meters,shows that a simulated seafloor reflector occurs at depth of 2 250 meters beneath sea floor and gradually disappears up slope,which is parallel to seafloor and oblique to bedding,and also has negative polarity (reversed polarity) in contrast to seafloor reflection.Therefore,we initially deduce that the gas hydrate may occur at the western lower slope of Mid Okinawa Trough.

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Reference (25)

[1]	孙成权.21世纪能源与环境的前沿问题－天然气水合物[J].地球科学进展,1994,9(6)：49～52
[2]	史斗等著.国外天然气水合物研究进展[M].兰州：兰州大学出版社,1992.1～9
[3]	孟宪伟,杜德文.海洋天然气水合物：未来的新能源[A].98青年海洋论坛－海洋可持续发展论文集[C].北京：海洋出版社,1998,211～215
[4]	姚伯初.南海北部陆缘天然气水合物初探[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1998,18(4):11～18
[5]	Max M D. Oceanic methane hydrate: A “frontier ”gas resource[J]. Petroleum J. Geology, 1996,19( 1 ) :41 ～56
[6]	Tucholke B E. Gas- hydrate horizons Detected in seismicprofiler data from the westrn Atlanic[J]. A. G. P.G. Bulletin, 1997,61 (5): 698 ～ 707
[7]	Miller J J. An analysis of a seismic reflection from the base of a gas hydrate zone, offshore Peru [J]. A. A. P. G Bulletin, 1991,75 (5): 910 ～ 924
[8]	Lee M W. Seismic character of gas hydrates on the southesatern U. S Continental Margin[J]. Marine Geophysical Researches, 1994, 16:163 ～184
[9]	Katzman R. Combined vertical - incidence and wide - angle seismic study of gas hydrate zonre, Blake ridge[J]. J. G. R., 1994,99 (B9): 17 975～ 17 995
[10]	Ship Ley T H. Seismic evidence for widespread possible gas hydrate horizons on continetal slopes and Rises[J]. A. A. P. G. Bulletin, 1979, 63(12):2 204～2 213
[11]	Holbrook W S. Methane hydrate and free gas on the Blake Ridge from vertical seismic profiling[J]. Science, 1996,273:1 840～1 842
[12]	Wood W T. Quantitive detection of metane hydate through high - resolution seismic velocity analysis[J]. J. G. R., 1994,99 (B5): 9 681～9 695
[13]	Dickers G R. Direct measurement of in situ methane quantities in a large gas- hydrate reservoir[J]. Nature, 1997,385: 426～428
[14]	李培英等.冲绳海槽年代地层与沉积速率[J].中国科学D辑,1999,29(1)：50～55
[15]	千叶仁等.冲绳トラフ南奄西海工工の海底热水活动：热水の地球化学特征,第9回しんかぃシンポヅヮ厶报告书[R].1993.271～282
[16]	Damn V. Chemistry of submarine hydrothermal solution at 221°N, East pacific Rise[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1985a,49: 2 197～2 220
[17]	Gamo S H T. Unique chemistry of the hydrothermal solution in the mid - okinawa Trough backarc basin [J]. Geophysics Research Letter, 1990,17:2 133～1 136
[18]	Damn V. Chemistry of submarine hydrothermal solution at Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California [J]. Geochimica et Cosimochimica Acta, 1985b,49:2 221～2 237
[19]	Bowers T S. chemical controls on the composition of vent fluids at 13ll°N,East pacific Rise[J]. J Geophysical Research, 1988,93:4 522～4 526
[20]	Damn V. Cgrbistry of hydrothermal aolutions form the southen Juan de Fuca Ridge[J]. J. Geophysical Research, 1987,92: 334～346
[21]	小圾丈予等.鹿岛湾北部の海底喷气ス成分の变化と灿活动の推移,第8回报告书[J]1992,75～80
[22]	Gama T H. etal High alkalinity due to sulfate reduction in the CLAM hydrothermal fied,Okinawa Trough[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letter, 1990,107 ( 2 ): 328～338
[23]	赵其渊.海洋地球化学[M].北京：地质出版社,1989.6～10
[24]	Bischoff. Sea-flour massive sufide depposits from 21° N, East Pacific Rise, JUan Fuca Ridge; and Galapagos Rift; bulk chenieal composition and economic ipplieation[J]. Economic Geology, 1983,78:1711～1720
[25]	Gomitz V. Potential distribution of methane hydrate in the world ocean [J]. Global Biogeochenicad Cycles, 1994,8 (3): 335～346

Possibility of Gas Hydrate Occurring in the Western Lower Slope of Mid Okinawa Trough

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