The Classification of Lacustrine Mudrock and Research on Its' Depositional Environment

LIU Qun; YUAN Xuan-jun; LIN Sen-hu; WANG Lan; GUO Hao; PAN Song-qi; YAO Jing-li

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Acta Sedimentologica Sinica > 2014 > 32(6): 1016-1025

LIU Qun, YUAN Xuan-jun, LIN Sen-hu, WANG Lan, GUO Hao, PAN Song-qi, YAO Jing-li. The Classification of Lacustrine Mudrock and Research on Its' Depositional Environment[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2014, 32(6): 1016-1025.

Citation:

LIU Qun, YUAN Xuan-jun, LIN Sen-hu, WANG Lan, GUO Hao, PAN Song-qi, YAO Jing-li. The Classification of Lacustrine Mudrock and Research on Its' Depositional Environment[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2014, 32(6): 1016-1025.

The Classification of Lacustrine Mudrock and Research on Its' Depositional Environment

1.
PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083;
2.
Institute of Exploration and Development of Changqing Oilfield, PetroChina, Xi'an 710018

Received Date: 2013-12-16
Rev Recd Date: 2014-03-21
Publish Date: 2014-12-10

Abstract

The deep lacustrine mudrock are the important source rock as well as self-stored reservoirs. The exploration of unconventional resources has been a hot topic at present. Being the main target of tight oil and shale oil, it's characteristics and formation mechanism have been paid great attention. Chang 7 member of Yanchang Formation, which is deposited in the late Triassic, is the main source rock of Ordos Basin.
A classification scheme based on the constituents and texture is proposed. The research of the lacustrine mudstone of Chang 7 member indicates that the deep lacustrine mudstone comprises at least 5 lithofacies: massive mudstone, graded laminated mudstone, wavy laminated shale, even laminated shale, and block-like laminated shale. These mudstone facies assemble two categories on the basis of self-generating characteristics, i.e. allogenous mudrock, including massive mudstone, graded laminated mudstone; autogenic mudrock, including wavy laminated shale, even laminated shale, block-like shale.
This classification is associated with sedimentary environment. Shallow lake which is influenced by delta is dominated by massive mudstone; shallow-semi shallow lake being influenced by lake currents and waves is mainly deposited with wavy laminated shale; deep quite lake is associated with even laminated shale; deep lake depression is dominated by graded mudstone; block-like shale mainly appears in the period of volcano eruption.
However, the mudstone lithology is changing with the evolution of the lake and thus one interval has different types of mudrock. The lithology can be changed within centimeters. We can conclude in this way that the mudrock interval is highly heterogeneous, which makes our prediction much more difficult. As a whole, graded mudstone is the interval of tight oil and the block-like shale is the main source rock and contains shale oil.
- lacustrine mudrock,
- 5 lithofacies,
- sedimentary environment,
- Yanchang Formation,
- Ordos Basin

References

[1]	Macquaker J H S, Adams A E. Macquaker J H S, Adams A E. Maximizing information from fine-grained sedimentary rocks: an inclusive nomenclature for mudstones [J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2003, 73(5): 735-744
[2]	П.П.阿弗杜辛. 粘土沉积岩[M]. 周鸿生,译. 北京:地质出版社,1956:7-8[П.П.阿弗杜辛. Claystone[M]. Translated by Zhou Hongsheng. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1956: 7-8]
[3]	Л.Б.鲁欣. 沉积岩石学手册(下册)[M]. 北京:中国工业出版社,1964:101-106[Л.Б.Rusy. Sedimentary Rocks [M]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 1964: 101-106]
[4]	方邺森,任磊夫. 沉积岩石学教程[M]. 北京:地质出版社,1987:139-140[Fang Yesen, Ren Leifu. Sedimentology[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1987: 139-140]
[5]	H·布拉特,G·V·米德顿,R·C·穆雷. 沉积岩成因[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1978:266-284[H·Blatt, G·V·Middleton, R·C·Millon. The Attributes of Sedimentary Rocks [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1978: 266-284]
[6]	冯增昭,等. 沉积岩石学(上册)[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社,1994:124-125[Feng Zengzhao, et al. Sedimentology [M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1994: 124-125]
[7]	Josef P. Werne, et al. An integrated assessment of a “type euxinic”deposit: evidence for multiple controls on black shale deposition in the middle Devonian Oatka Creek Formation[J]. American Journal of Science, 2002, 302(2): 110-143
[8]	Ghadeer S G, Macquaker J H S. Sediment transport processes in an ancient mud-dominated succession: a comparison of processes operating in marine offshore settings and anoxic basinal environments[J]. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 2011, 168(5): 1121-1132
[9]	Guy P A. Mud dispersal across a Cretaceous prodelta: Storm-generated, wave-enhanced sediment gravity flows inferred from mudstone microtexture and microfacies[J]. Sedimentology, 2014, 61(3): 609-647
[10]	Guy P A, Macquaker J H S, Varban B L, Bedload transport of mud across a wide, storm influenced ramp: Cenomanian-Turonian Kaskapau Formation, western Canada Foreland Basin[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2012, 82(11): 801-822
[11]	Mulder T, Syvitski J P M. Turbidity currents generated at river mouths during exceptional discharges to the world oceans[J]. Journal of Geology, 1995, 103: 285-299
[12]	Mulder T, Migeon S, Savoye B, et al. Inversely graded turbidite sequences in the deep Mediterranean: a record of deposits from flood generated turbidity currents? [J]. Geo-Marine Letters, 2001, 21(2): 86-93
[13]	李万春,李世杰,濮培民. 高分辨率古环境指示器—湖泊纹泥研究综述[J]. 地球科学进展,1999,14(2):172-176 [Li Wanchun, Li Shijie, Pu Peimin. Review on the high-resolution varved lake sediments as a proxy of paleoenvironment[J]. Advance in Earth Sciences, 1999, 14(2): 172-176]
[14]	邓宏文,钱凯. 深湖相泥岩的成因类型和组合演化[J]. 沉积学报,1990,8(3):1-21 [Deng Hongwen, Qian Kai. The genetic types and association evolution of deep lacustrine facies mudstone[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1990, 8(3): 1-21]
[15]	杨俊杰. 鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化与油气分布规律[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社,2002:36-37[Yang Junjie. On Structural Evolution and Hydrocarbon Distribution in Ordos Basin [M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2002: 36-37]
[16]	Zhao M, Behr H, Ahrendt H, et al. Thermal and tectonic history of the Ordos Basin, China: Evidence from apatite fission track analysis, vitrinite reflectance, and K-Ar dating[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1996, 80(7): 1110-1134
[17]	Wang B, Al-Aasm I S. Karst-controlled diagenesis and reservoir development; example from the Ordovician main reservoir carbonate rocks on the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin, China[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2002, 86(9): 1639-1658
[18]	林森虎. 鄂尔多斯盆地长7段细粒沉积物特征与致密油分布[D]. 北京:中国石油勘探开发研究院,2012:1-106[Lin Senhu. The characteristics of fine-grained sedimentary rocks and tight oil distribution in Chang7 member, Ordos Basin [D]. Beijing: Research Institute of China Exploration and Development, 2012: 1-106]
[19]	王冠民. 济阳坳陷古近系页岩的纹层组合及成因分类[J]. 吉林大学科学学报:地球科学版,2012,42(3): 666-671,680[Wang Guanmin. Laminae combination and genetic classification of Eogene shale in Jiyang depression[J]. Journal of Jilin University: Earth Science Edition, 2012, 42(3): 666-671, 680]
[20]	刘招君,孟庆涛,柳蓉. 中国陆相油页岩特征及成因类型[J]. 古地理学报,2009,11(1):105-114[Liu Zhaojun, Meng Qingtao, Liu Rong. Characteristics and genetic types of continental oil shales in China[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2009, 11(1): 105-114]
[21]	郭巍,刘招君,宋玉勤,等. 青海一甘肃民和盆地油页岩的成因类型及特征[J]. 地质通报,2009,28(6):780-786[Guo Wei, Liu Zhaojun, Song Yuqin, et al. Genetic type and features of oil shale in the Minhe Basin, Qinghai-Gansu provinces, China [J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2009, 28 (6): 780-786]
[22]	姜在兴,梁超,吴靖,等. 含油气细粒沉积岩研究的几个问题[J]. 石油学报,2013,34(6):1031-1039[Jiang Zaixing, Liang Chao, Wu Jing, et al. Several issues in sedimentological studies on hydrocarbon-bearing fine-grained sedimentary rocks[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2013, 34(6): 1031-1039]
[23]	张文正,杨华,彭平安,等. 晚三叠世火山活动对鄂尔多斯盆地长7优质烃源岩发育的影响[J]. 地球化学,2009,38(6):573-582[Zhang Wenzheng, Yang Hua, Peng Ping'an, et al. The influence of Late Triassic volcanism on the development of Chang 7 high grade hydrocarbon source rock in Ordos Basin[J]. Geochimica, 2009, 38(6): 573-582]
[24]	Bradley B. Sagemana. A tale of shales: the relative roles of production, decomposition, and dilution in the accumulation of organic-rich strata, Middle-Upper Devonian, Appalachian basin[J]. Chemical Geology, 2002, 95 (2003): 229-273
[25]	Demaison G J, Moore G T. Anoxic environments and oil source bed genesis[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1980, 2(1): 9-31
[26]	Tyson R V. Sedimentation rate, dilution, preservation and total organic carbon: some results of a modeling study[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2001, 32(2): 333-339
[27]	Stow D A V, Huc A Y & Bertrand. Depositional processes of black shales in deep water[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2001, 18(4): 491-498
[28]	Middleton G V, Hampton M A. Sediment Gravity Flow: Mechanics of Flow and Deposition[C]//Middleton G V, Bouma A H. Turbidites and Deep Water Sedimentation. Anaheim: SEPM pacific sec. short Course Note, 1973: 1-38
[29]	Yu Saitoh, Fujio Masuda. Spatial change of grading pattern of subaqueous flood deposits in lake Shinji, Japan[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2013, 83(2): 221-233
[30]	Mulder T, Alexander J. The physical character of subaqueous sedimentary density flows and their deposits[J]. Sedimentology, 2001, 48(2): 269-299
[31]	Mulder T, Migeon S, Savoye B, Faugeres J C. Reply to discussion by Shanmugam on Mulder et al. (2001, Geo-Marine Letters 21: 86-93) Inversely graded turbidite sequences in the deep Mediterranean. A record of deposits from flood generated turbidity currents? [J]. Geo-Marine Letters, 2002, 22(2): 112-120
[32]	Mulder T, Syvitski J P M, Migeon S, et al. Marine hyperpycnal flows; initiation, behavior and related deposits; a review [J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2003, 20(6): 861-882
[33]	Schieber J. Reverse engineering mother nature—shale sedimentology from an experimental perspective. [J]. Sedimentology, 2011, 238(1): 1-22
[34]	Macquaker J H S, et al. Wave-enhanced sediment gravity flows and mud dispersal across continental shelves: Reappraising sediment transport processes operating in ancient mudstone successions[J]. Geology, 2010, 38(10): 947-950
[35]	Schieber J. Lenticular shale fabrics resulting from intermittent erosion of water-rich muds—Interpreting the rock record in the light of recent flume experiments[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2010, 80(1): 119-128
[36]	王冠民,钟建华. 湖泊纹层的沉积机理研究评述与展望[J]. 岩石矿物学杂志,2004,23(1):43-48[Wang Guanming, Zhong Jianhua. A review and the prospects of the researches on sedimentary mechanism of lacustrine laminae[J]. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 2004, 23(1): 43-48]
[37]	刘传联,徐金鲤,汪品先. 藻类勃发——湖相油源岩形成的一种重要机制[J]. 地质论评,2001,47(2):207-210[Liu Chuanlian, Xu Jinli, Wang Pinxian. Algal blooms: the primary mechanism in the formation of lacustrine petroleum source rocks[J]. Geological Review, 2001, 47(2): 207-210]
[38]	Macquaker J H S, Keller M A, Davies S J. Algal blooms and marine snow: mechanisms that enhance preservation of organic carbon in ancient fine-grained sediments[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2010, 80(11): 934-942

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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The Classification of Lacustrine Mudrock and Research on Its' Depositional Environment

1. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083;

2. Institute of Exploration and Development of Changqing Oilfield, PetroChina, Xi'an 710018

Received Date: 2013-12-16

Rev Recd Date: 2014-03-21

Publish Date: 2014-12-10

Key words:

Abstract: The deep lacustrine mudrock are the important source rock as well as self-stored reservoirs. The exploration of unconventional resources has been a hot topic at present. Being the main target of tight oil and shale oil, it's characteristics and formation mechanism have been paid great attention. Chang 7 member of Yanchang Formation, which is deposited in the late Triassic, is the main source rock of Ordos Basin.
A classification scheme based on the constituents and texture is proposed. The research of the lacustrine mudstone of Chang 7 member indicates that the deep lacustrine mudstone comprises at least 5 lithofacies: massive mudstone, graded laminated mudstone, wavy laminated shale, even laminated shale, and block-like laminated shale. These mudstone facies assemble two categories on the basis of self-generating characteristics, i.e. allogenous mudrock, including massive mudstone, graded laminated mudstone; autogenic mudrock, including wavy laminated shale, even laminated shale, block-like shale.
This classification is associated with sedimentary environment. Shallow lake which is influenced by delta is dominated by massive mudstone; shallow-semi shallow lake being influenced by lake currents and waves is mainly deposited with wavy laminated shale; deep quite lake is associated with even laminated shale; deep lake depression is dominated by graded mudstone; block-like shale mainly appears in the period of volcano eruption.
However, the mudstone lithology is changing with the evolution of the lake and thus one interval has different types of mudrock. The lithology can be changed within centimeters. We can conclude in this way that the mudrock interval is highly heterogeneous, which makes our prediction much more difficult. As a whole, graded mudstone is the interval of tight oil and the block-like shale is the main source rock and contains shale oil.

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Reference (38)

[1]	Macquaker J H S, Adams A E. Macquaker J H S, Adams A E. Maximizing information from fine-grained sedimentary rocks: an inclusive nomenclature for mudstones [J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2003, 73(5): 735-744
[2]	П.П.阿弗杜辛. 粘土沉积岩[M]. 周鸿生,译. 北京:地质出版社,1956:7-8[П.П.阿弗杜辛. Claystone[M]. Translated by Zhou Hongsheng. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1956: 7-8]
[3]	Л.Б.鲁欣. 沉积岩石学手册(下册)[M]. 北京:中国工业出版社,1964:101-106[Л.Б.Rusy. Sedimentary Rocks [M]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 1964: 101-106]
[4]	方邺森,任磊夫. 沉积岩石学教程[M]. 北京:地质出版社,1987:139-140[Fang Yesen, Ren Leifu. Sedimentology[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1987: 139-140]
[5]	H·布拉特,G·V·米德顿,R·C·穆雷. 沉积岩成因[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1978:266-284[H·Blatt, G·V·Middleton, R·C·Millon. The Attributes of Sedimentary Rocks [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1978: 266-284]
[6]	冯增昭,等. 沉积岩石学(上册)[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社,1994:124-125[Feng Zengzhao, et al. Sedimentology [M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1994: 124-125]
[7]	Josef P. Werne, et al. An integrated assessment of a “type euxinic”deposit: evidence for multiple controls on black shale deposition in the middle Devonian Oatka Creek Formation[J]. American Journal of Science, 2002, 302(2): 110-143
[8]	Ghadeer S G, Macquaker J H S. Sediment transport processes in an ancient mud-dominated succession: a comparison of processes operating in marine offshore settings and anoxic basinal environments[J]. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 2011, 168(5): 1121-1132
[9]	Guy P A. Mud dispersal across a Cretaceous prodelta: Storm-generated, wave-enhanced sediment gravity flows inferred from mudstone microtexture and microfacies[J]. Sedimentology, 2014, 61(3): 609-647
[10]	Guy P A, Macquaker J H S, Varban B L, Bedload transport of mud across a wide, storm influenced ramp: Cenomanian-Turonian Kaskapau Formation, western Canada Foreland Basin[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2012, 82(11): 801-822
[11]	Mulder T, Syvitski J P M. Turbidity currents generated at river mouths during exceptional discharges to the world oceans[J]. Journal of Geology, 1995, 103: 285-299
[12]	Mulder T, Migeon S, Savoye B, et al. Inversely graded turbidite sequences in the deep Mediterranean: a record of deposits from flood generated turbidity currents? [J]. Geo-Marine Letters, 2001, 21(2): 86-93
[13]	李万春,李世杰,濮培民. 高分辨率古环境指示器—湖泊纹泥研究综述[J]. 地球科学进展,1999,14(2):172-176 [Li Wanchun, Li Shijie, Pu Peimin. Review on the high-resolution varved lake sediments as a proxy of paleoenvironment[J]. Advance in Earth Sciences, 1999, 14(2): 172-176]
[14]	邓宏文,钱凯. 深湖相泥岩的成因类型和组合演化[J]. 沉积学报,1990,8(3):1-21 [Deng Hongwen, Qian Kai. The genetic types and association evolution of deep lacustrine facies mudstone[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1990, 8(3): 1-21]
[15]	杨俊杰. 鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化与油气分布规律[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社,2002:36-37[Yang Junjie. On Structural Evolution and Hydrocarbon Distribution in Ordos Basin [M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2002: 36-37]
[16]	Zhao M, Behr H, Ahrendt H, et al. Thermal and tectonic history of the Ordos Basin, China: Evidence from apatite fission track analysis, vitrinite reflectance, and K-Ar dating[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1996, 80(7): 1110-1134
[17]	Wang B, Al-Aasm I S. Karst-controlled diagenesis and reservoir development; example from the Ordovician main reservoir carbonate rocks on the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin, China[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2002, 86(9): 1639-1658
[18]	林森虎. 鄂尔多斯盆地长7段细粒沉积物特征与致密油分布[D]. 北京:中国石油勘探开发研究院,2012:1-106[Lin Senhu. The characteristics of fine-grained sedimentary rocks and tight oil distribution in Chang7 member, Ordos Basin [D]. Beijing: Research Institute of China Exploration and Development, 2012: 1-106]
[19]	王冠民. 济阳坳陷古近系页岩的纹层组合及成因分类[J]. 吉林大学科学学报:地球科学版,2012,42(3): 666-671,680[Wang Guanmin. Laminae combination and genetic classification of Eogene shale in Jiyang depression[J]. Journal of Jilin University: Earth Science Edition, 2012, 42(3): 666-671, 680]
[20]	刘招君,孟庆涛,柳蓉. 中国陆相油页岩特征及成因类型[J]. 古地理学报,2009,11(1):105-114[Liu Zhaojun, Meng Qingtao, Liu Rong. Characteristics and genetic types of continental oil shales in China[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2009, 11(1): 105-114]
[21]	郭巍,刘招君,宋玉勤,等. 青海一甘肃民和盆地油页岩的成因类型及特征[J]. 地质通报,2009,28(6):780-786[Guo Wei, Liu Zhaojun, Song Yuqin, et al. Genetic type and features of oil shale in the Minhe Basin, Qinghai-Gansu provinces, China [J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2009, 28 (6): 780-786]
[22]	姜在兴,梁超,吴靖,等. 含油气细粒沉积岩研究的几个问题[J]. 石油学报,2013,34(6):1031-1039[Jiang Zaixing, Liang Chao, Wu Jing, et al. Several issues in sedimentological studies on hydrocarbon-bearing fine-grained sedimentary rocks[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2013, 34(6): 1031-1039]
[23]	张文正,杨华,彭平安,等. 晚三叠世火山活动对鄂尔多斯盆地长7优质烃源岩发育的影响[J]. 地球化学,2009,38(6):573-582[Zhang Wenzheng, Yang Hua, Peng Ping'an, et al. The influence of Late Triassic volcanism on the development of Chang 7 high grade hydrocarbon source rock in Ordos Basin[J]. Geochimica, 2009, 38(6): 573-582]
[24]	Bradley B. Sagemana. A tale of shales: the relative roles of production, decomposition, and dilution in the accumulation of organic-rich strata, Middle-Upper Devonian, Appalachian basin[J]. Chemical Geology, 2002, 95 (2003): 229-273
[25]	Demaison G J, Moore G T. Anoxic environments and oil source bed genesis[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1980, 2(1): 9-31
[26]	Tyson R V. Sedimentation rate, dilution, preservation and total organic carbon: some results of a modeling study[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2001, 32(2): 333-339
[27]	Stow D A V, Huc A Y & Bertrand. Depositional processes of black shales in deep water[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2001, 18(4): 491-498
[28]	Middleton G V, Hampton M A. Sediment Gravity Flow: Mechanics of Flow and Deposition[C]//Middleton G V, Bouma A H. Turbidites and Deep Water Sedimentation. Anaheim: SEPM pacific sec. short Course Note, 1973: 1-38
[29]	Yu Saitoh, Fujio Masuda. Spatial change of grading pattern of subaqueous flood deposits in lake Shinji, Japan[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2013, 83(2): 221-233
[30]	Mulder T, Alexander J. The physical character of subaqueous sedimentary density flows and their deposits[J]. Sedimentology, 2001, 48(2): 269-299
[31]	Mulder T, Migeon S, Savoye B, Faugeres J C. Reply to discussion by Shanmugam on Mulder et al. (2001, Geo-Marine Letters 21: 86-93) Inversely graded turbidite sequences in the deep Mediterranean. A record of deposits from flood generated turbidity currents? [J]. Geo-Marine Letters, 2002, 22(2): 112-120
[32]	Mulder T, Syvitski J P M, Migeon S, et al. Marine hyperpycnal flows; initiation, behavior and related deposits; a review [J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2003, 20(6): 861-882
[33]	Schieber J. Reverse engineering mother nature—shale sedimentology from an experimental perspective. [J]. Sedimentology, 2011, 238(1): 1-22
[34]	Macquaker J H S, et al. Wave-enhanced sediment gravity flows and mud dispersal across continental shelves: Reappraising sediment transport processes operating in ancient mudstone successions[J]. Geology, 2010, 38(10): 947-950
[35]	Schieber J. Lenticular shale fabrics resulting from intermittent erosion of water-rich muds—Interpreting the rock record in the light of recent flume experiments[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2010, 80(1): 119-128
[36]	王冠民,钟建华. 湖泊纹层的沉积机理研究评述与展望[J]. 岩石矿物学杂志,2004,23(1):43-48[Wang Guanming, Zhong Jianhua. A review and the prospects of the researches on sedimentary mechanism of lacustrine laminae[J]. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 2004, 23(1): 43-48]
[37]	刘传联,徐金鲤,汪品先. 藻类勃发——湖相油源岩形成的一种重要机制[J]. 地质论评,2001,47(2):207-210[Liu Chuanlian, Xu Jinli, Wang Pinxian. Algal blooms: the primary mechanism in the formation of lacustrine petroleum source rocks[J]. Geological Review, 2001, 47(2): 207-210]
[38]	Macquaker J H S, Keller M A, Davies S J. Algal blooms and marine snow: mechanisms that enhance preservation of organic carbon in ancient fine-grained sediments[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2010, 80(11): 934-942

The Classification of Lacustrine Mudrock and Research on Its' Depositional Environment

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