Conception, Method and Technology of the Seismic Sedimentology
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摘要: 简单地讲,地震沉积学是应用地震信息研究沉积岩及其形成过程的学科,它是继地震地层学、层序地层学之后的又一门新的边缘交叉学科。其研究内容、方法和技术与地震地层学、层序地层学和沉积学等其他学科都有所不同,地震沉积学最大的理论突破在于对地震同相轴穿时性的重新认识。但它是沉积学的发展而不是替代,地震沉积学研究要以地质研究为基础,在沉积学规律的指导下进行。90°相位转换、地层切片和分频解释是地震沉积学中的三项关键技术。相位转换使地震相位具有了地层意义,可以用于高频层序地层的地震解释;地层切片是沿两个等时界面间等比例内插出的一系列层面进行切片来研究沉积体系和沉积相平面展布的技术;基于不同频率地震资料反映地质信息的不同,采用分频解释的方法,使得地震解释结果的地质意义更加明确。Abstract: Seismic sedimentology is the use of seismic information to study sedimentary rocks and their forming processes. It is a new marginal interdisciplinary subject following seismic stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy. It differs from seismic stratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology in its research contents, methods and technologies. The new knowledge of “seismic events go across time surfaces” is the most important innovation of this subject. But it is only a supplement not a substitution of sedimentology. It should base on the geology research and under the principle of sedimentology. The technologies of 90°-phase inversion, stratal slicing and interpreting with frequency are the three key technologies. The method of 90°-phase inversion gives stratigraphic meaning to seismic phase, and is used to interpret high frequency sequences; the technology of stratal slicing is a series of slices along the surfaces inserted proportionally between two time-surfaces and this technology is used to study the planar distribution of depositional systems. Based on the fact that seismic data with different main frequency reflect different geological information, the interpretation result will be more reasonable in geological meaning by the technology of interpreting with frequency decomposing.
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