末次冰期东海嵊山岛黄土粒度端元分析及其环境意义

赵庆; 郑祥民; 周立旻; 王辉; 吕红华; 陈圆圆; 任少芳

doi:10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2022.085

末次冰期东海嵊山岛黄土粒度端元分析及其环境意义

doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2022.085

1.
华东师范大学地理科学学院,地理信息科学教育部重点实验室,上海 200241

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41871015

详细信息

作者简介:
赵庆,男,1982年出生,博士,工程师,地球化学与古环境,E-mail: zhaoq@admin.ecnu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
郑祥民,男,教授,E-mail: xmzheng@re.ecnu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P532

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文章访问数: 24
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被引次数: 0

Grain Size End Member Characteristics and Paleoclimatic Significance of Loess Deposit in Shengshan Island during the Last Glacial Period

1.
Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 41871015

摘要

摘要: 目的东海岛屿晚更新世风尘黄土堆积是我国黄土在东部长三角及外延海域重要的拓展,深化这一区域风尘黄土沉积的物源特征和后期演化问题研究,对于认识晚更新世区域古环境变化尤为重要。方法在OSL测年和磁化率测试基础上,基于东海岛屿典型风尘黄土剖面（嵊山岛黄土）的粒度分析,开展了粒度组成的端元分析,探讨了其蕴含的古环境信息。 结果与结论 嵊山岛黄土沉积可提取出3个粒度端元（EM1~EM3）,进一步分析发现EM1可能代表通过高空西风气流传输的远源黏粒组分,EM2可能代表以浮尘形式远距离悬浮搬运并随风力减弱而沉降堆积的细粉砂组分,EM3可能代表冬季风驱动下的近地表短距离搬运堆积的粗粉砂组分。粒度端元分析结果表明,高空西风输送的黏粒端元组分和远距离悬浮运移的浮尘端元组分可能是沉积剖面主要粉尘来源；综合年代学结果、百分频率磁化率和颗粒中值粒径等参数分析,认为东海嵊山岛黄土沉积过程在MIS3阶段先后经历暖湿—冷干—暖湿的旋回波动；并且,所记录的 MIS3阶段气候波动以及MIS2阶段末次冰盛期和冰消期的古环境变化同深海氧同位素和古海平面变化趋势相对应,说明东海陆架区域该时期环境演变与全球性气候波动相协同。
- 端元分析 /
- 嵊山岛黄土 /
- 末次冰期 /
- 古气候变化
Abstract: Objective The Upper Pleistocene eolian loess accumulation in islands of the East China Sea is an important expansion for loess in China in the eastern Yangtze River delta and its extended sea area. The better study of the eolian loess provenance and its evolution in this region is particularly important for understanding regional paleoenvironmental changes. Methods Based on the analyses of optically stimulated luminescence （OSL） dating and magnetic susceptibility, parametric end-member analysis was used to clarify the grain size data for Shengshan Island loess and its paleoenvironmental effect. [ Results and Conclusions ] Three end-members （EM1-EM3） were identified： EM1 is the clay component transported by the westerly circulation； EM2 is the fine silt component transported over long distances, suspended in the form of floating dust that was deposited when the wind force weakened； and EM3 is the coarse silt component carried by winter winds for short distances and deposited near the land surface. It was inferred from the analysis that EM1 and EM2 were the main sources of dust in the loess profile on Shengshan Island. Combined with the optically stimulated luminescence （OSL） results, the variations of frequency susceptibility, median particle size, Rb/Sr values and the fluctuations of the end-members in the loess profile revealed that the Shengshan Island loess accumulated in marine isotope stage MIS2 experienced paleoclimatic fluctuations from warm and humid to cold and dry, and then to warm and humid in MIS3. The end-member properties also responded to the paleoenvironmental changes during the last glacial maximum and deglaciation period of the MIS2 stage. Climatic fluctuations recorded by the loess deposits also correspond to the trends of deep-sea oxygen isotopes and ancient sea-level changes. Thus the environmental evolution in the shelf areas of the East China Sea were closely related to global paleoclimatic variations.
- end-member analysis /
- Shengshan Island loess /
- last glacial period /
- paleoclimate changes

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图 1 采样点示意图

Figure 1. Location of sampling site

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图 2 嵊山岛黄土剖面图

Figure 2. Profile of loess deposit in Shengshan Island

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图 3 嵊山岛黄土剖面粒度特征图

(a) frequency distribution curve; (b) Shephard’s diagram

Figure 3. Characteristics of loess particle size in Shengshan Island loess profile

Fig.3

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图 4 嵊山岛黄土剖面粒度端元分析结果与判别指标

(a) coefficients of end⁃member analysis; (b) angle deviation of non⁃parameterized end⁃member analysis; (c) coefficients of parameterized end⁃member analysis; (d) angle deviation of parameterized end⁃member analysis

Figure 4. End⁃member analysis of Shengshan Island loess profile and discrimination index

Fig.4

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图 5 端元粒度频率分布曲线

Figure 5. Frequency distribution of end⁃member particle size

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图 6 端元频率累积曲线

Figure 6. Frequency cumulative curves of different end⁃members

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图 7 嵊山岛黄土剖面端元组分、百分频率磁化率、中值粒径和铷锶比值特征

(a) previous estimates of sea levels^[58⁃59];^{(b) oxygen isotope (δ¹⁸O) records in Sulu Sea^[60]}

Figure 7. Characteristics of end⁃member content, frequency dependent susceptibility, median size and Rb/Sr value

Fig.7

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表 1 嵊山岛黄土剖面光释光年代测定结果

Table 1. OSL dating results of Shengshan Island loess profile

剖面	深度/cm	U/（μg/g）	Th/（μg/g）	K/%	实测含水量/%	环境剂量率/（Gy/ka）	等效剂量/Gy	年龄/ka
嵊山岛屿剖面	10	2.83	14.3	1.49	14.45	3.05	1.2±0.3	0.40±0.1
	100	2.98	15.1	1.69	11.86	3.34	117±4	35.03±3
	150	2.94	14.4	1.56	8.18	3.23	137±8	42.41±4
	250	2.93	14.3	1.62	16.49	3.00	152±5	51.67±4

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表 2 嵊山岛黄土剖面各端元粒度特征

Table 2. Distribution of end⁃member particle size

端元	粒度
端元	平均粒径/M_Z	分选系数/σ	偏度/SK_I	峰态/K_G
EM1	3.38 μm	3.24	0.63	3.24
EM2	10.44 μm	2.19	-0.13	2.77
EM3	30.56 μm	1.61	0.04	2.71

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表 3 端元组分、中值粒径,及小于2 μm粒级含量间相关关系

Table 3. Correlations between end⁃members, median grain size and <2 μm fractions

	EM1	EM2	EM3	Md	<2 μm
EM1	1
EM2	-0.707**	1
EM3	-0.135*	-0.797**	1
Md	0.020	-0.352**	0.476**	1
<2 μm	0.460**	-0.407**	0.177**	-0.273**	1
注：*置信度0.01水平下显著相关,置信度0.05水平下显著相关。

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0. 引言

我国黄土沉积分布广泛,黄土沉积中蕴含着丰富的环境变化信息,记录了古气候和古环境的变迁^[1⁃7]。粒度作为黄土沉积的一项基本特征,受到沉积物源、搬运动力和沉积环境等因素影响,是古环境研究的重要指标,对重塑古环境演化过程、揭示古气候变化具有重要作用^[8⁃15]。通过对黄土粒度的研究,可以分析黄土沉积的搬运动力特征、传输途径和源区范围等,进而表征季风变化^[16⁃23]。黄土沉积的不同粒级对环境变化的敏感程度不同^[24],因此依托粒度特征的精细解构,提取黄土沉积的敏感粒级组分开展物源追踪、古环境重建也显得更加重要。粒度端元分析技术就是其中的重要部分,粒度端元分析模型^[25]可以分离不同沉积动力作用下的沉积物粒度组分,揭示沉积动力组合和物源信息,进而提取敏感粒级组分反演环境变迁,该技术已在黄土研究中取得系列成果^[26⁃31]。

末次冰期以来,长江三角洲平原以及东海海域广泛存在风尘黄土沉积,对晚更新世以来长江三角洲及东海岛屿黄土沉积的相关研究,也成为反演末次冰期以来我国东部季风区古环境变迁和古气候变化的重要内容^[32⁃35]。与西部黄土相比,东海岛屿黄土沉积的厚度较小^[32],黄土沉积除接受西北内陆远源风尘物质外,来自东海陆架的近源风尘物质对岛屿黄土沉积也有一定贡献^[36⁃37]。对东海嵊山岛黄土沉积物源、沉积动力和沉积区域环境演变的研究,一直是东海岛屿黄土研究的重要内容。通过粒度端元分析方法对东海岛屿黄土沉积过程研究,有利于深入分析嵊山岛黄土沉积动力组合特征、判别物源信息变化,对末次冰期以来我国季风区东海岛屿黄土沉积区域古气候演变研究具有重要意义。本研究以位于我国季风区风尘堆积东缘的典型东海岛屿风尘黄土堆积剖面（嵊山岛黄土）为对象,聚焦剖面风尘黄土样品中的粒度特征,在端元分析方法基础上结合年代学、环境磁学等指标,探讨东海嵊山岛黄土的沉积动力特征和区域古环境演变信息。

2. 研究方法

2.1. 粒度测试

本次研究共获取样品271个。将野外采集的样品按照样品编号置于30 ℃烘箱内烘干,对经恒温烘干后的样品进行有机质和碳酸盐的去除。首先,称取0.1 g的黄土沉积样品置于烧杯中,加入5%的双氧水5 mL,并加热煮沸使其充分反应,静置冷却后再加入0.2 mol/L的盐酸并加热煮沸,充分反应冷却后,再注入适量去离子水静置24 h。静置后的样品溶液,去除去离子水并加入0.05 mol/L的六偏磷酸钠试剂后进行超声震荡,经10~15 min的充分震荡使样品分散,冷却后用于粒度的测定。样品的粒度测试在华东师范大学地理科学学院全球环境变化实验室进行,采用Mastersizer2000 激光粒度仪进行测定,测试范围在0.02~2 000 μm,测试误差小于2%。

2.2. 光释光年代测试

在沉积剖面10 cm、100 cm、150 cm和250 cm深度取样,在暗室红光条件下完成样品前处理,取出采集的样品,除去两端可能曝光部分,剩余样品依次使用30%双氧水和10%的盐酸去除样品中有机质和碳酸盐,经过湿筛和去除重矿物,以及氢氟酸刻蚀等步骤,获得测年所需石英颗粒。采样管两端样品用于U、Th、K以及含水量指标测定,利用单片再生剂量法（Single Aliquot Regenerative-dose,SAR）完成所提取石英等效剂量De测定^[40]。样品含水量为实测含水量,样品的U、Th、K含量以中子活化法（NAA）测试,样品光释光年代测量在南京大学地理与海洋科学学院光释光测年实验室完成。

2.3. 磁学参数测试

将所采集样品置于35 ℃的烘箱内恒温烘干。称取7 g烘干的样品用塑料保鲜膜包起来,装入体积为10 mL的磁学专用塑料盒中,使用华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室英国制造的Bartington双频磁化率仪MS2进行磁化率的测定。分别对样品低频质量磁化率（χ_lf）和高频质量磁化率（χ_hf）进行测定,并计算百分频率磁化率（χ_fd%）,计算公式为:χ_fd%=（χ_lf-χ_hf）/χ_lf×100%。

2.4. 铷、锶元素测试

将采集黄土样品置于玛瑙研磨碗中研磨后过50 μm筛。称取约5 g研磨后的过筛样品倒入直径约4 cm、厚约0.5 cm的圆形模具中央,将样品送至压样机压制。压样机加压并保持在37.5 t/M²约30 s后,自然泄压,待测样品制备完成。将制作好的样品置于X荧光光谱仪（XRF）（日本）进行测试,完成所需Rb、Sr等元素测定,测试过程中使用GSD-9标准物质进行质量控制,样品分析误差小于5%。

2.5. 粒度端元分析

端元分析可以把粒度数据分解为多个端元,并认为不同的端元是由不同物源在特定的动力机制和沉积环境下分选而来^[25]。本研究采用Paterson端元分析软件^[41],在MATLAB R2019环境下加载Analysize-Masters程序,在假定1~10个端元前提下,分别通过程序中非参数化选项和参数化选项（在参数化分析选项下选择Gen.Weibull分布函数）,对嵊山岛黄土沉积剖面粒度数据进行端元分析。

4. 结论

（1）嵊山岛黄土沉积主要由粉砂和黏土质粉砂构成,黄土沉积颗粒整体较细。EM1端元可能代表高空西风远距离搬运的黏粒组分；EM2端元可能代表以浮尘形式搬运传输并随风力减弱而发生沉降的细粉砂组分；EM3端元可能代表冬季风驱动下近地表短距离搬运沉积的粗粉砂组分。通过高空西风远距离传输的EM1端元组分,受到湿沉降的影响；以浮尘形式搬运沉降的EM2端元可以间接指示区域冬季风强度变化；EM3端元可以作为冬季风强度变化的敏感指标。结合各端元组分在沉积剖面中的含量变化,推测高空西风输送的黏粒端元组分和远距离悬浮运移的浮尘端元组分可能是嵊山岛黄土沉积剖面主要粉尘来源。

（2）嵊山岛黄土沉积剖面铷锶比值、百分频率磁化率和中值粒径变化及剖面粒度端元组分进一步揭示了末次冰期MIS3阶段东海嵊山岛黄土沉积过程大体经历暖湿至冷干再至暖湿的旋回波动,以及对MIS2阶段末次冰盛期和冰消期古环境变化的响应；并且,同深海氧同位素和古海平面变化趋势形成对应,指示末次冰期嵊山岛区域气候变化也与全球气候变化密切相关。初步表明参数化粒度端元分析方法在开展东海嵊山岛黄土沉积动力和沉积环境等研究中具有一定的可行性。

参考文献 (76)

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末次冰期东海嵊山岛黄土粒度端元分析及其环境意义

doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2022.085

作者简介:
赵庆,男,1982年出生,博士,工程师,地球化学与古环境,E-mail: zhaoq@admin.ecnu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
郑祥民,男,教授,E-mail: xmzheng@re.ecnu.edu.cn

计量

Grain Size End Member Characteristics and Paleoclimatic Significance of Loess Deposit in Shengshan Island during the Last Glacial Period

计量

目录

末次冰期东海嵊山岛黄土粒度端元分析及其环境意义

doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2022.085

1. 华东师范大学地理科学学院,地理信息科学教育部重点实验室,上海 200241

作者简介:
赵庆,男,1982年出生,博士,工程师,地球化学与古环境,E-mail: zhaoq@admin.ecnu.edu.cn

通讯作者: 郑祥民,男,教授,E-mail: xmzheng@re.ecnu.edu.cn

English Abstract

Grain Size End Member Characteristics and Paleoclimatic Significance of Loess Deposit in Shengshan Island during the Last Glacial Period

1. Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

全文HTML

2.1. 粒度测试

2.2. 光释光年代测试

2.3. 磁学参数测试

2.4. 铷、锶元素测试

2.5. 粒度端元分析

3.1. 年代结果

3.2. 粒度分布特征

3.3. 端元数量和特征

3.4. 端元所揭示的黄土沉积信息

3.5. 粒度端元的环境意义

目录

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末次冰期东海嵊山岛黄土粒度端元分析及其环境意义

doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2022.085

作者简介: 赵庆,男,1982年出生,博士,工程师,地球化学与古环境,E-mail: zhaoq@admin.ecnu.edu.cn

通讯作者: 郑祥民,男,教授,E-mail: xmzheng@re.ecnu.edu.cn

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出版历程

Grain Size End Member Characteristics and Paleoclimatic Significance of Loess Deposit in Shengshan Island during the Last Glacial Period

计量

出版历程

目录

末次冰期东海嵊山岛黄土粒度端元分析及其环境意义

doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2022.085

1. 华东师范大学地理科学学院,地理信息科学教育部重点实验室,上海 200241

作者简介: 赵庆,男,1982年出生,博士,工程师,地球化学与古环境,E-mail: zhaoq@admin.ecnu.edu.cn

通讯作者: 郑祥民,男,教授,E-mail: xmzheng@re.ecnu.edu.cn

English Abstract

Grain Size End Member Characteristics and Paleoclimatic Significance of Loess Deposit in Shengshan Island during the Last Glacial Period

1. Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

全文HTML

2.1. 粒度测试

2.2. 光释光年代测试

2.3. 磁学参数测试

2.4. 铷、锶元素测试

2.5. 粒度端元分析

3.1. 年代结果

3.2. 粒度分布特征

3.3. 端元数量和特征

3.4. 端元所揭示的黄土沉积信息

3.5. 粒度端元的环境意义

目录

友情链接

期刊在线

联系我们

作者简介:
赵庆,男,1982年出生,博士,工程师,地球化学与古环境,E-mail: zhaoq@admin.ecnu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
郑祥民,男,教授,E-mail: xmzheng@re.ecnu.edu.cn

作者简介:
赵庆,男,1982年出生,博士,工程师,地球化学与古环境,E-mail: zhaoq@admin.ecnu.edu.cn