Paleo-geomorphologic controls on the formation and distribution of high-quality reservoirs during lake transgression: An example of the Qingshuihe Formation in Gaoquan Structural Zone of Sikeshu Sag, Junggar Basin
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摘要: 古地貌对沉积体系及有利储层分布具有一定的控制作用,本文通过对四棵树凹陷高泉构造带岩心相、测井相和地震相的分析,明确了清水河组沉积储层发育特征,再结合高泉构造带清水河组沉积前古地貌研究,建立了古地貌控制下的沉积演化模式,厘清了微古地貌对优质储层分布的影响。研究表明四棵树凹陷高泉构造带发育三个近北西-南东走向的坡折带,每个坡折带上又可划分出沟槽和平台两种古地貌单元。湖侵背景下,三个坡折带上依次形成了三期退积型扇三角洲,每期扇三角洲可形成10-15m厚的砂砾岩储层。在每个坡折带上,沟槽和平台控制了砂砾岩储层的泥质含量,沟槽区易沉积泥质含量高的褐色砂砾岩,平台区易沉积泥质含量低的灰色或灰绿色砂砾岩,平台区低泥质含量的砂砾岩易形成优质储层。Abstract: Paleo-geomorphology has a strong control on the sedimentary system and reservoir distribution. This paper analyzes the single-well facies in Gaoquan Structural Zone of Sikeshu Sag, identifies the characteristics of the sedimentary and reservoirs of the Qingshuihe Formation, and then combines with the paleo-geomorphology of the pre-Qingshuihe Formation in Gaoquan Structural Zone, establishes model of the sedimentary evolution under the control of paleo-geomorphology, and clarifies the influence of micro-geomorphology on the distribution of high-quality reservoirs. The study shows that three slope breaks are developed in the Gaoquan Structural zone of Sikeshu Sag, with a near-northwestern-south-eastern trend. Each slope-folding zone can be divided into two types of paleo-geomorphology units, namely, grooves and platforms. Three phases of regressive fan deltas were formed on the three slope breaks during the lake transgression, and each phase of fan deltas can form 9-15m thick conglomerate reservoirs. On each slope breaks, the groove and platform control the mud content of the conglomerate reservoirs, and the brown conglomerate with high mud content is easily developed in the groove area, while the gray or gray-green conglomerate with low mud content is easily developed in the platform area. The conglomerate with low mud content is ready to form high-quality reservoir in the platform area.
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Key words:
- Gaoquan Structural Zone /
- Qingshuihe Formation /
- paleo-geomorphology /
- slope break /
- fan delta
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